Table 4. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) clinically significant total behavior problems among young children 2 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake (N = 170).
| CBCL clinically significant total behavior problems | ||||||||||
| n | % | Bivariate PR | 95% CI | Multivariate PR | 95% CI | |||||
| Demographics | Child age group | 5–6 y | 16 | 18.4 | reference | reference | ||||
| 7–8 y | 28 | 33.7 | 1.83 | (0.99–3.39) | 1.25 | (0.93–1.67) | ||||
| Child sex | Boy | 27 | 32.1 | reference | ||||||
| Girl | 17 | 19.8 | 0.61 | (0.34–1.13) | ||||||
| Number of siblings | No sibling | 13 | 35.1 | reference | ||||||
| 1 sibling | 22 | 26.5 | 0.75 | (0.38–1.50) | ||||||
| 2+ siblings | 8 | 16.7 | 0.47 | (0.20–1.14) | ||||||
| Caregiver age group | 36 or less | 23 | 23.5 | reference | ||||||
| 37+ | 21 | 29.2 | 1.24 | (0.69–2.25) | ||||||
| Education | High school or less | 21 | 26.6 | reference | ||||||
| Some college+ | 23 | 25.8 | 0.97 | (0.54–1.76) | ||||||
| Father's occupation before earthquake | Manual/Other/Unemployed | 18 | 20.5 | reference | ||||||
| Non-manual | 11 | 29.0 | 1.42 | (0.67–3.00) | ||||||
| No response | 15 | 34.1 | 1.67 | (0.84–3.31) | ||||||
| Traumatic experience | Status of home | Lost or completely damaged | 12 | 26.7 | 1.21 | (0.59–2.52) | ||||
| Partially damaged | 14 | 32.6 | 1.48 | (0.74–2.98) | ||||||
| Not damaged | 18 | 22.0 | reference | |||||||
| Stayed at shelter | Yes | 14 | 28.0 | 1.28 | (0.66–2.48) | |||||
| No | 24 | 21.8 | reference | |||||||
| Lived in temporary housing | Yes | 9 | 26.5 | 1.03 | (0.50–2.16) | |||||
| No | 33 | 25.6 | reference | |||||||
| Evacuated to relative's house | Yes | 22 | 22.9 | 0.81 | (0.44–1.49) | |||||
| No | 19 | 28.4 | reference | |||||||
| Family members living in separate places | Yes | 15 | 28.3 | 1.14 | (0.61–2.15) | |||||
| No | 27 | 24.8 | reference | |||||||
| Separation from caregiver | Yes | 17 | 31.5 | 1.38 | (0.71–2.68) | |||||
| No | 18 | 22.8 | reference | |||||||
| Lost close family member or relative | Yes | 1 | 9.1 | 0.31 | (0.04–2.30) | |||||
| No | 31 | 29.0 | reference | |||||||
| Lost distant relative or friend | Yes | 8 | 38.1 | 1.71 | (0.76–3.85) | |||||
| No | 21 | 22.3 | reference | |||||||
| Witnessed tsunami waves | Yes | 19 | 30.2 | 1.40 | (0.73–2.70) | |||||
| No | 17 | 21.5 | reference | |||||||
| Witnessed someone being swept away by tsunami | Yes | 4 | 36.4 | 1.49 | (0.53–4.21) | |||||
| No | 32 | 24.4 | reference | |||||||
| Witnessed a fire | Yes | 10 | 33.3 | 1.47 | (0.70–3.05) | |||||
| No | 25 | 22.7 | reference | |||||||
| Saw a dead body | Yes | 1 | 33.3 | 1.28 | (0.17–9.32) | |||||
| No | 35 | 26.1 | reference | |||||||
| Heard the sound of nuclear power plant explosion | Yes | 0 | 0.0 | NA | ||||||
| No | 28 | 23.1 | ||||||||
| Experienced restrictions on lifestyle due to radiation | Yes | 6 | 18.8 | 0.78 | (0.31–1.94) | |||||
| No | 20 | 24.1 | reference | |||||||
| Exposure to any trauma events or other trauma before the earthquake | Yes | 32 | 41.0 | 3.15 | (1.62–6.11) | 2.98 | (1.53–5.81) | |||
| No | 12 | 13.0 | reference | reference | ||||||
CBCL: Child Behavior Checklist.
RR: rate ratio.