Table 4.

Outcome measures to test the efficacy of the simulator (the parameters indicate psychomotor skills performance)

Parameters	No of studies	References
Time	53	14,28,39,40,52,57,58,62,63,71–77, 78,80,81,83,89,90,102,105,106,108, 109–117,120–128,131,134,135,140, 143–147
Path length	15	44,62,63,105,111–113,121,124,128, 131,132,134–136
Smoothness	9	128,129,132–136,145,148
Number and economy of movement	21	39,43,52,58,72,76,77,82,83,87, 105,110–112,119,120,126,127,128, 129,133
Number of targets reached or missed	10	2,68–70,72,81,82,124,125,150
Tissue handling	7	39,43,52,58,87,110,127
Technical skills	9	39,54,57,79,102,119,120,122,145
Number of errors or instrument collisions	21	22,44,58,62,63,66,79,82,89,90,105, 109–112,119–121,124–126
Accuracy	15	74,91,109,110,117,119,128,129, 132–136,146,147