Table 4.
Means and standard deviations of classroom behaviors across activities
| Structured
|
Unstructured
|
Caregiving
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autism M (SD) | Mixed disability M (SD) | Autism M (SD) | Mixed disability M (SD) | Autism M (SD) | Mixed disability M (SD) | |
| Engagement states | ||||||
| % Unengagement | 33.13 (13.58) | 20.96 (10.92) | 37.82 (21.05) | 23.66 (13.44) | 51.66 (22.52) | 33.41 (20.77) |
| % Person engagement | 6.99 (5.42) | 11.74 (5.85) | 6.93 (5.55) | 12.25 (8.92) | 2.92 (4.68) | 7.01 (10.78) |
| % Object engagement | 20.09 (8.76) | 14.44 (7.65) | 36.62 (12.79) | 40.51 (14.64) | 20.34 (17.63) | 25.14 (17.72) |
| % Supported joint engagement | 14.67 (5.69) | 20.54 (11.96) | 6.54 (5.24) | 6.88 (4.50) | 10.16 (7.88) | 12.00 (18.92) |
| % Coordinated joint engagement | 3.29 (3.78) | 5.90 (6.25) | 5.51 (7.52) | 8.48 (10.07) | 5.29 (6.53) | 9.70 (13.92) |
| Play | ||||||
| Frequency of functional play acts | 21.27 (17.75) | 11.64 (14.84) | 47.64 (52.94) | 58.24 (44.95) | 0 | 1.29 (5.81) |
| Frequency of symbolic play acts | .96 (1.98) | .56 (1.79) | 3.33 (4.77) | 5.47 (8.97) | .22 (1.15) | .27 (1.39) |
| Frequency of teacher prompts for functional play | 1.31 (3.00) | .76 (2.24) | .09 (.36) | 2.00 (3.34) | 0 | 0 |
| Frequency of teacher prompts for symbolic play | .29 (.63) | .40 (1.12) | .09 (.36) | 1.02 (3.41) | 0 | 0 |
| % of teacher responses to child’s play acts | .21 (.56) | .27 (1.00) | .10 (.48) | .25 (1.01) | – | – |
| Responses to joint attention (RJA) | ||||||
| Frequency of teacher bids for JA | 72.13 (36.61) | 71.38 (25.19) | 15.53 (13.21) | 14.78 (8.84) | 22.87 (29.13) | 16.84 (12.67) |
| % of child RJA to bids for JA | 62.82 (15.65) | 75.22 (12.05) | 59.60 (28.52) | 69.92 (21.31) | 44.55 (34.25) | 77.73 (18.92) |
| Frequency of teacher prompts for RJA | .58 (1.15) | .44 (.81) | .04 (.23) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| % of teacher responses to child’s RJA | 0 | .60 (2.13) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Initiations of joint attention (IJA) | ||||||
| Frequency of IJA | 17.44 (13.17) | 31.02 (20.56) | 18.98 (19.34) | 31.38 (27.34) | 19.40 (22.95) | 39.56 (54.90) |
| Frequency of teacher prompts for IJA | .73 (1.48) | .87 (2.57) | .38 (.94) | 0 | .11 (.58) | 0 |
| % of teacher responses to child’s IJA | 49.89 (17.39) | 43.45 (13.89) | 41.38 (24.46) | 35.18 (18.94) | 41.97 (36.03) | 48.71 (26.87) |
Frequencies have been calculated as acts per second,
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001