Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics According to Sex-Specific Quartiles for Treadmill Exercise Time
| Quartiles 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| (N=553) | (N=588) | (N = 524) | (N = 566) | ||
| Treadmill Time: Women (N=602) (range,sec) | 21–315 | 317–478 | 480–600 | 603–1320 | |
| Treadmill Time: Men (N=1629) (range,sec) | 35–357 | 360–480 | 484–657 | 660–1415 | |
| Age, (yrs) | 57 +/− 10 | 56 +/− 10 | 54 +/− 11 | 49 +/− 11 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, (kg/m2) | 29 +/− 6 | 28 +/− 6 | 29 +/− 6 | 28 +/− 5 | 0.20 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 112 (20) | 117 (20) | 108 (21) | 122 (22) | 0.91 |
| Diabetes: insulin treated, n (%) | 74 (13) | 78 (13) | 42 (8) | 21 (4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes: not insulin treated, n (%) | 111 (20) | 107 (18) | 84 (16) | 48 (8) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 267 (48) | 278 (47) | 210 (40) | 151 (27) | <0.001 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 68 (12) | 63 (11) | 76 (15) | 72 (13) | 0.30 |
| Previous CABG, n (%) | 187 (34) | 192 (33) | 131 (25) | 84 (15) | <0.001 |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 135 (24) | 147 (25) | 123 (23) | 71 (13) | <0.001 |
| Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, n (%) | 209 (38) | 180 (31) | 159 (30) | 99 (17) | <0.001 |
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 160 (29) | 149 (25) | 117 (22) | 76 (13) | <0.001 |
| Medication use, n (%) | |||||
| β-Blocker | 349 (63) | 357 (61) | 345 (66) | 378 (67) | 0.13 |
| Ace inhibitor | 378 (68) | 443 (75) | 422 (81) | 468 (83) | <0.001 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 86 (16) | 92 (16) | 56 (11) | 56 (10) | 0.003 |
| Potassium sparing diuretics | 181 (33) | 186 (32) | 152 (29) | 130 (23) | 0.001 |
| Antiarrhythmic | 159 (29) | 152 (26) | 117 (22) | 81 (14) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulation | 253 (46) | 255 (43) | 219 (42) | 172 (30) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 261 (47) | 270 (46) | 251 (48) | 256 (45) | 0.81 |
| Digoxin | 376 (68) | 425 (72) | 361 (69) | 408 (72) | 0.28 |
| Nitrates | 212 (38) | 223 (38) | 162 (31) | 142 (25) | <0.001 |
| Hydralazine | 44 (8) | 40 (7) | 29 (6) | 23 (4) | 0.041 |
| Loop diuretics | 502 (91) | 530 (90) | 447 (85) | 401 (71) | <0.001 |
| Thiazide diuretics | 90 (16) | 98 (17) | 53 (10) | 38 (7) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 210 (38) | 266 (45) | 187 (36) | 187 (33) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker: | |||||
| Non-dihydropyridine | 6 (1) | 2 (0) | 4 (1) | 4 (1) | 0.52 |
| Calcium channel blocker: dihydropyridine | 24 (4) | 33 (6) | 31 (6) | 11 (2) | 0.005 |
| Resting heart rate, (beats/min) | 80 +/− 14 | 78 +/− 14 | 75 +/− 14 | 72 +/− 14 | <0.001 |
| Resting systolic blood pressure, (mm Hg) | 108 +/− 18 | 110 +/− 18 | 111 +/− 18 | 112 +/− 17 | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, (%) | 19 +/− 8 | 20 +/− 7 | 21 +/− 8 | 21 +/− 7 | <0.001 |
| Peak oxygen consumption, (ml/kg/min) | 11 +/− 3 | 14 +/− 2 | 17 +/− 3 | 22 +/− 4 | <0.001 |
| Peak respiratory exchange ratio | 1.03 +/− 0.16 | 1.07 +/− 0.11 | 1.10 +/− 0.09 | 1.11 +/− 0.07 | <0.001 |
| Serum Sodium (mmol/L) | 139 +/− 4 | 139 +/− 3 | 140 +/− 3 | 140 +/− 3 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine Clearance (ml/min) | 78 +/− 37 | 82 +/− 41 | 94 +/−43 | 110 +/− 44 | <0.001 |
| Serum BUN (mg/dL) | 31 +/− 16 | 28 +/− 13 | 23 +/− 10 | 19 +/− 7 | <0.001 |
| Serum hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13 +/− 2 | 13 +/− 1 | 14 +/− 1 | 14 +/− 1 | <0.001 |
| Serum glucose (mg/dL) | 112 +/− 44 | 115 +/− 46 | 111 +/− 47 | 100 +/− 30 | <0.001 |
N= total number of women and men per quartile