Table 2. US 2009–2010 births to all women and women with no prior cesarean: sample size, percentage frequency distribution, and percentage of women with cesarean deliveries and 95% confidence intervals by covariate.
| Category | Characteristic or Diagnosis | All Births | Births to Women with No Prior Cesareans | ||||||
| n | Percent | Percent Cesarean Delivery | 95% Confidence Interval | n | Percent | Percent Cesarean Delivery | 95% Confidence Interval | ||
| Patient diagnoses | Diabetes in pregnancy | ||||||||
| No | 1,381,205 | 93.6% | 31.9 | 31.9, 32.0 | 1,169,701 | 94.2% | 21.3 | 21.2, 21.4 | |
| Yes | 94,252 | 6.4% | 48.7 | 48.4, 49.1 | 71,554 | 5.8% | 34.5 | 34.1, 34.8 | |
| Hypertension in pregnancy | |||||||||
| No | 1,340,999 | 90.9% | 31.3 | 31.3, 31.4 | 1,127,639 | 90.8% | 20.1 | 20.0, 20.2 | |
| Yes | 134,458 | 9.1% | 49.6 | 49.3, 49.9 | 113,616 | 9.2% | 41.4 | 41.1, 41.7 | |
| Hemorrhage during pregnancy or placental complications | |||||||||
| No | 1,449,237 | 98.2% | 32.4 | 32.4, 32.5 | 1,219,857 | 98.3% | 21.4 | 21.3, 21.5 | |
| Yes | 26,220 | 1.8% | 64.3 | 63.7, 64.9 | 21,398 | 1.7% | 57.9 | 57.2, 58.6 | |
| Fetal distress | |||||||||
| No | 1,326,241 | 89.9% | 30.1 | 30.0, 30.2 | 1,097,638 | 88.4% | 17.3 | 17.3, 17.4 | |
| Yes | 149,216 | 10.1% | 58.8 | 58.5, 59.0 | 143,617 | 11.6% | 58.2 | 57.9, 58.4 | |
| Fetal disproportion or obstruction of labor | |||||||||
| No | 1,408,214 | 95.4% | 31.7 | 31.6, 31.8 | 1,178,553 | 94.9% | 20.1 | 20.0, 20.2 | |
| Yes | 67,243 | 4.6% | 60.3 | 59.9, 60.7 | 62,702 | 5.1% | 58.4 | 58.0, 58.8 | |
| Socio-demographics | Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 673,867 | 52.7% | 33.3 | 33.2, 33.4 | 571,003 | 53.2% | 22.7 | 22.6, 22.8 | |
| Black | 188,752 | 14.8% | 35.3 | 35.1, 35.6 | 157,151 | 14.6% | 24.4 | 24.2, 24.6 | |
| Hispanic | 276,694 | 21.6% | 32.4 | 32.2, 32.6 | 227,331 | 21.2% | 19.6 | 19.5, 19.8 | |
| Asian | 64,572 | 5.1% | 32.3 | 32.0, 32.7 | 54,850 | 5.1% | 22.3 | 22.0, 22.7 | |
| Native American | 11,784 | 0.9% | 33.3 | 32.5, 34.2 | 9,763 | 0.9% | 21.0 | 20.2, 21.8 | |
| Other | 62,517 | 4.9% | 33.3 | 32.9, 33.7 | 52,665 | 4.9% | 22.9 | 22.5, 23.2 | |
| Insurance status (primary payer) | |||||||||
| Private | 588,822 | 47.2% | 35.4 | 35.3, 35.5 | 492,287 | 47.0% | 24.3 | 24.2, 24.4 | |
| Medicaid | 553,598 | 44.4% | 31.7 | 31.6, 31.8 | 462,798 | 44.2% | 20.1 | 19.9, 20.2 | |
| Medicare | 28,231 | 2.3% | 33.9 | 33.4, 34.5 | 26,844 | 2.6% | 31.1 | 30.5, 31.6 | |
| Other payment | 32,241 | 2.6% | 31.5 | 31.0, 32.0 | 27,553 | 2.6% | 21.4 | 20.9, 21.9 | |
| Uninsured | 44,172 | 3.5% | 29.6 | 29.2, 30.1 | 37,239 | 3.6% | 18.9 | 18.5, 19.3 | |
| Age Category | |||||||||
| <30 y | 890,618 | 60.4% | 29.3 | 29.2, 29.4 | 778,799 | 62.8% | 20.4 | 20.3, 20.5 | |
| 30–34 y | 336,995 | 22.9% | 36.6 | 36.5, 36.8 | 267,551 | 21.6% | 22.6 | 22.4, 22.7 | |
| ≥35 y | 246,473 | 16.7% | 41.5 | 41.3, 41.7 | 193,696 | 15.6% | 28.0 | 27.8, 28.2 | |
| Hospital characteristics | Hospital location/teaching status | ||||||||
| Rural | 170,322 | 11.6% | 31.7 | 31.4, 31.9 | 144,470 | 11.9% | 20.3 | 20.1, 20.5 | |
| Urban, not teaching | 613,459 | 41.6% | 33.5 | 33.4, 33.6 | 515,565 | 42.4% | 22.1 | 22.0, 22.2 | |
| Urban, teaching | 662,158 | 44.9% | 32.9 | 32.8, 33.0 | 556,501 | 45.7% | 22.5 | 22.4, 22.6 | |
| Hospital bed size | |||||||||
| Small | 149,717 | 10.2% | 31.3 | 31.1, 31.5 | 126,985 | 10.4% | 20.2 | 19.9, 20.4 | |
| Medium | 369,940 | 25.1% | 32.7 | 32.5, 32.8 | 311,867 | 25.6% | 21.8 | 21.6, 21.9 | |
| Large | 926,282 | 62.8% | 33.4 | 33.3, 33.5 | 777,684 | 63.9% | 22.5 | 22.4, 22.6 | |