Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 1551 ALF patients stratified for antimicrobial prophylaxis
| N | Total Cohort (N=1551) |
Prophylaxis (N=600) |
No Prophylaxis (N=951) |
p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1551 | 39.0 (29.0–50.0) | 38.0 (29.0–50.0) | 39.0 (29.0–51.0) | 0.31 | ||
| Female | 1551 | 1066 (68.7%) | 411 (68.5%) | 655 (68.9%) | 0.88 | ||
| Etiology | 1551 | 0.60 | |||||
| APAP | 719 (46.4%) | 271 (45.2%) | 448 (47.1%) | ||||
| Viral Hepatitis | 153 (9.9%) | 65 (10.8%) | 88 (9.3%) | ||||
| DILI | 174 (11.2%) | 69 (11.5%) | 105 (11.0%) | ||||
| Indeterminate | 206 (13.3%) | 86 (14.3%) | 120 (12.6%) | ||||
| Other | 299 (19.3%) | 109 (18.2%) | 190 (20.0%) | ||||
| Biochemistry* | |||||||
| APACHE II | 430 | 16.0 (10.0–21.0) | N/A | 16.0 (10.0–21.0) | |||
| MELD | 1485 | 31.7 (24.8–38.7) | 32.4 (25.5–39.8) | 31.3 (24.3–37.9) | 0.01 | ||
| INR | 1496 | 2.7 (2.0–4.2) | 2.7 (2.0–4.1) | 2.7 (2.0–4.3) | 0.49 | ||
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1542 | 7.3 (3.9–20.5) | 7.9 (4.3–22.3) | 6.9 (3.7–19.6) | 0.01 | ||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1548 | 1.6(0.9–3.1) | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) | 0.002 | ||
| Lactate (mg/dl) | 799 | 4.4 (2.6–9.7) | 4.2 (2.6–8.7) | 4.7 (2.6–10.5) | 0.08 | ||
| ALT | 1534 | 1983 (649–4510) | 1944.0 (627–4305) | 2003 (684–4720) | 0.20 | ||
| WBC | 1542 | 10.5 (7.1–15.2) | 10.4 (6.8–15.5) | 10.6 (7.2–15.1) | 0.32 | ||
| Platelet Count | 1539 | 132 (86–195) | 129 (82–185) | 133 (91–201) | 0.03 | ||
| Organ support | |||||||
| Mechanical ventilation | |||||||
| Admission* | 1545 | 707 (45.8%) | 309 (51.6%) | 398 (42.1%) | <0.001 | ||
| 7-days** | 1551 | 944 (60.9%) | 406 (67.7%) | 538 (56.6%) | <0.001 | ||
| Vasopressors | |||||||
| Admission* | 1522 | 293 (19.3%) | 145 (24.6%) | 148 (15.9%) | <0.001 | ||
| 7-days** | 1543 | 513 (33.3%) | 240 (40.1%) | 273 (28.9%) | <0.001 | ||
| Renal Replacement Therapy | |||||||
| Admission* | 1536 | 321 (20.9%) | 175 (29.3%) | 146 (15.6%) | <0.001 | ||
| 7-days** | 1544 | 522 (33.8%) | 257 (42.9%) | 265 (28.0%) | <0.001 | ||
| Coma Grade* | 1547 | <0.001 | |||||
| 1 or 2 (Low) | 807 (52.2%) | 271 (45.2%) | 536 (56.5%) | ||||
| 3 or 4 (High) | 740 (47.8%) | 328 (54.8%) | 412 (43.5%) | ||||
| Infection** | |||||||
| Bloodstream | 1551 | 226 (14.6%) | 77 (12.8%) | 149 (15.7%) | 0.12 | ||
| Sputum | 1551 | 223 (14.4%) | 82 (13.7%) | 141 (14.8%) | 0.53 | ||
| Urine | 1551 | 258 (16.6%) | 92 (15.3%) | 166 (17.5%) | 0.27 | ||
| LTx Listing | Listed for LT | 1547 | 611 (39.5%) | 263 (43.8%) | 348 (36.6%) | 0.0048 | |
| Listed for LT (APAP) | 719 | 180 (25.0%) | 84/271(31.0%) | 96/448 (21.4%) | 0.0041 | ||
| Listed for LT (non-APAP) | 828 | 431 (52.1%) | 179/328 (54.4%) | 252/500 (50.1%) | 0.48 | ||
| Outcomes*** | |||||||
| Liver transplant | 1551 | 373 (24.1%) | 167 (27.8%) | 206 (21.7%) | 0.006 | ||
| Alive at 21 days | 1551 | 1084 (69.9%) | 418 (69.7%) | 666 (70.0%) | 0.88 | ||
- Normally distributed data presented as mean (Standard deviation)
- Non-normally distributed data presented as Median (IQR)
- Categorical data presented as percentage (chi-square test)
- 600 ALF patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis
- *~On admission, **~During 7-day inpatient phase ***~21-day post-enrollment