Fig. 4.

Male spatial, genetic relatedness, and social interaction (affiliation, greeting, and agonism) networks based on data from 2011 for the Mare gang (Upper) and the Simenti gang (Lower). Different colors of the nodes reflect party membership. Light blue nodes represent individuals that were not sampled in the focal observations. Networks were produced using Gephi (https://gephi.github.io) with a Force Atlas layout, using the 20-m proximity data to depict spatial relationships among individuals. The other types of relationships then were projected as edges of different weight (strength) onto the nodes. Only relatedness values >0.125 (51) are indicated.