Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the Consortium on Safe Labor study, USA, 2002–2008, by race and gestational diabetes status*
| All | White | Black | Hispanic | Asian | Multi-racial/unknown | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational diabetes | No gestational diabetes | Gestational diabetes | No gestational diabetes | Gestational diabetes | No gestational diabetes | Gestational diabetes | No gestational diabetes | Gestational diabetes | No gestational diabetes | Gestational diabetes | No gestational diabetes | |
| n | 5567 | 130 294 | 2571 | 70 924 | 813 | 24 365 | 1379 | 22 205 | 386 | 3804 | 418 | 8996 |
| Height (cm) | 161.7 (7) | 163.2 (7) | 163.3 (7) | 164.6 (7) | 163.9 (7) | 163.7 (7) | 158.8 (7) | 159.4 (7) | 157.7 (6) | 159.7 (7) | 161.1 (7) | 161.7 (7) |
| P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.59 | 0.0005 | < 0.001 | 0.07 | ||||||
| Height quartiles, n (%)† | ||||||||||||
| Q1: 101–157.48 | 1906 (34) | 34 084 (26) | 682 (27) | 13 823 (19) | 183 (23) | 5777 (24) | 678 (49) | 10 113 (46) | 199 (52) | 1591 (42) | 81 (38) | 1115 (33) |
| Q2: 157.50–162.56 | 1521 (27) | 34 189 (26) | 704 (27) | 18 673 (26) | 213 (26) | 5720 (23) | 379 (27) | 6166 (28) | 120 (31) | 1165 (31) | 55 (26) | 923 (27) |
| Q3: 162.60–167.64 | 1172 (21) | 31 676 (24) | 590 (23) | 18 298 (26) | 205 (25) | 6473 (27) | 236 (17) | 4168 (19) | 49 (13) | 674 (18) | 48 (22) | 823 (24) |
| Q4: 167.89–210.0 | 968 (17) | 30 345 (23) | 595 (23) | 20 130 (28) | 212 (26) | 6395 (26) | 86 (6) | 1758 (8) | 18 (5) | 374 (10) | 30 (14) | 530 (16) |
| P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.32 | 0.02 | < 0.001 | 0.51 | ||||||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), n(%) | ||||||||||||
| < 18.5 | 91 (2.0) | 5638 (5) | 41 (2) | 3195 (5) | 6 (1) | 758 (3) | 17 (1) | 912 (4) | 19 (5) | 344 (9) | 3 (1) | 161 (5) |
| 18.6–24.9 | 1364 (30) | 57 607 (54) | 622 (24) | 33 807 (48) | 115 (14) | 7845 (32) | 386 (28) | 10 383 (47) | 138 (36) | 1757 (46) | 52 (24) | 1390 (41) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 1285 (28) | 24 802 (23) | 523 (20) | 12 344 (17) | 170 (21) | 5055 (21) | 411 (30) | 5319 (24) | 75 (19) | 436 (11) | 55 (26) | 715 (21) |
| ≥ 30 | 1851 (40) | 19 570 (18) | 848 (33) | 9145 (13) | 387 (48) | 5573 (23) | 446 (32) | 3403 (15) | 58 (15) | 306 (8) | 69 (32) | 477 (14) |
| Missing | 976 (18) | 22 677 (17) | 537 (21) | 12 433 (18) | 135 (17) | 5134 (21) | 119 (9) | 2188 (10) | 96 (25) | 961 (25) | 35 (16) | 648 (19) |
| P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Education, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 655 (12) | 12 263 (9) | 61 (2) | 1962 (3) | 73 (9) | 2857 (12) | 470 (34) | 6425 (29) | 12 (3) | 142 (4) | 26 (12) | 616 (18) |
| High school diploma | 877 (16) | 19 687 (15) | 322 (13) | 9370 (13) | 160 (20) | 3667 (15) | 310 (22) | 5020 (23) | 29 (8) | 361 (9) | 37 (17) | 625 (18) |
| More than high school | 1179 (21) | 32 058 (25) | 690 (27) | 23 222 (33) | 110 (14) | 2412 (10) | 228 (20) | 3530 (16) | 56 (15) | 699 (18) | 47 (22) | 563 (17) |
| Unknown | 2856 (51) | 66 286 (51) | 1498 (58) | 36 370 (51) | 470 (58) | 15 429 (63) | 371 (27) | 7230 (33) | 289 (75) | 2602 (68) | 104 (49) | 1587 (47) |
| P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.04 | ||||||
| Insurance, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Private | 3290(59) | 77 566 (60) | 2094 (81) | 55 966 (79) | 292 (36) | 8152 (33) | 357 (26) | 5711 (26) | 314 (81) | 2863 (75) | 85 (40) | 1026 (30) |
| Public | 1777 (32) | 40 992 (31) | 443 (17) | 13 970 (20) | 406 (50) | 12 556 (52) | 753 (55) | 10 958 (49) | 53 (14) | 711 (19) | 74 (35) | 1279 (38) |
| Self-pay | 67 (1) | 1495 (1) | 13 (1) | 426 (1) | 14 (2) | 435 (2) | 24 (2) | 380 (2) | 8 (2) | 97 (3) | 4 (2) | 102 (3) |
| Other/unknown | 433 (8) | 10 241 (8) | 21 (1) | 562 (1) | 101 (12) | 3222 (13) | 245 (18) | 5156 (23) | 11 (3) | 133 (4) | 51 (24) | 984 (29) |
| P-value | 0.95 | 0.03 | 0.63 | < 0.001 | 0.07 | 0.06 | ||||||
| Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 77.4 (21) | 67.8 (17) | 78.9 (21) | 67.4 (16) | 88.5 (24) | 73.8 (21) | 72.7 (18) | 64.6 (15) | 63.7 (16) | 60.3 (16) | 76.4 (22) | 66.5 (16) |
| P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.0006 | |||||||
| Maternal age (years) | 30.7 (6) | 27.1 (6) | 30.7 (6) | 27.8 (5) | 29.9 (6) | 25.4 (6) | 30.9 (6) | 26.6 (6) | 31.5 (5) | 29.1 (5) | 31.1 (6) | 27.4 (7) |
| P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Parity, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 1823 (33) | 50 721 (39) | 877 (34) | 27 095 (38) | 239 (29) | 9436 (39) | 390 (29) | 8297 (37) | 159 (41) | 1738 (46) | 72 (34) | 1463 (43) |
| 1 | 1670 (30) | 39 422 (3) | 791 (31) | 21 633 (31) | 241 (30) | 6866 (28) | 384 (28) | 7047 (32) | 131 (34) | 1286 (34) | 75 (35) | 1005 (30) |
| 2 | 1072 (19) | 22 189 (17) | 465 (18) | 12 084 (17) | 159 (20) | 4257 (17) | 331 (24) | 4083 (18) | 50 (13) | 461 (12) | 34 (16) | 516 (15) |
| 3 | 521 (9) | 10 282 (8) | 229 (9) | 5771 (8) | 83 (10) | 2003 (8) | 142 (10) | 1751 (8) | 27 (7) | 183 (5) | 20 (9) | 228 (7) |
| 4 or more | 481 (9) | 7680 (6) | 209 (8) | 4341 (6) | 91 (11) | 1803 (7) | 132 (10) | 1027 (5) | 19 (5) | 136 (4) | 13 (6) | 179 (5) |
| P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.15 | 0.07 | ||||||
*
Data presented are mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise specified.
†
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