Table 2. he selected articles are mentioned in the table with the author’s name, the year of publication, study design, outcome measures and sample size.

S. No.	Author & Year	Title	Type of the research	Study design	Sample population	Result
1	Desai et al. (5)	Identifying best practices in dialysis care: Results of cognitive interviews and a national survey of dialysis providers	Systematic review and cognitive interview involving focus group	Best practices in dialysis were discovered through a staged process which included methodical review, perceptive interviews, and a national “virtual focus group” of dialysis providers.	Phase 1: systematic review and cognitive interview with the focus group (nurses, doctors and medical staff) Phase 2: areas of agreement and disagreement on the issue Phase 3: validation of the best practices identified.	Significantly higher mortality and increased early hospitalization of CKD subjects who were referred late to nephrologists as compared with earlier-referred subjects.
2	Navaneethan et al. (6)	A systematic review of patient and health system characteristics associated with the late referral in chronic kidney disease	A systematic review	Abstracts of 256 articles and 18 observational studies were selected		Primary-care physicians and nephrologists should engage in multi-spectral, collaborative efforts for patient education and enhanced physician awareness for improved CKD patient care.
3	Odden et al. (7)	Depression, stress, and quality of life in person with CKD: The heart and soul study	A Cross-setional survey	Cross-sectional study		The quality of life is impaired in the subjects with moderate CKD.
4	Stemer et al. (16)	Evaluation of risk factors management of patients treated on an internal nephrology ward	A pilot study	Medical charts of patients treated on a single internal nephrology ward were retrospectively assessed using pre-defined data collection form.	102 randomly selected medical histories were used to carry out pilot study.	Attention should be paid to the risk factors associated with the management of drug-drug interaction and screening procedures used for CKD diagnosis.
5	Guessous et al. (13)	Low documentation of chronic kidney disease among high-risk patients in a managed care population: A retrospective cohort study	A retrospective cohort study	Participants having GFRs 60- 365 days were <90 ml/min during 1999-2006. The analysis included participants with eGFR 10-59 ml/min/1.73 m2.	50,438 CKD patients were selected within the overall KPG CKD group. 20% (10,266) were eligible for the current study.	The frequency of CKD documentation increased with the presence of hypertension and/or type-2 diabetes.
6	Leehey et al. (8)	Aerobic exercise in obese diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease	Arandomized and controlled pilot study	After physical examination and ECG, the participants took a symptom-limited treadmill exercise stress test. Negative subjects were given questionnaires, nutritional assessment and laboratory tests. The eligible patients were randomized to the exercise or control group. This test was repeated after 6 weeks.	The study involved 20 subjects from the renal outpatient clinic with type-2 diabetes, obesity (BMI >30 Kg/m2), and stage 2-4 CKD (eGFR15-90 ml/min/1.73 m2) with persistent protein urea, i.e. urine protein/creatinine >200 mg/g for ≥3 months).	The obese diabetic patients with CKD may benefit from exercise training.
7	Manns et al. (10)	The impact of education on CKD patients’ plans to initiate dialysis with self-care dialysis: A randomized trial	A randomized trial		70 patients receiving care in the renal unit were randomized.	An educational intervention can increase the number of patients opting for self-care dialysis.
8	Hallan et al. (14)	Screening strategies for chronic kidney disease in general population	Cross-sectional survey	Eight year follow-up of a cross-sectional health survey	65,604 people (70.6 %) of all adults aged ≥20 in the country.	Screening people for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or age >55 was the most effective in detecting CKD.
9	Ahmed (15)	Current chronic kidney disease practice patterns in the UK	A pilot study	A pre-piloted questionnaire was sent to all 72 renal units in the UK.		Current services need to be re-designed to deal with the expected rise in the referral of CKD patients in UK.
10	Lenzo et al. (9)	Barriers to successful care for chronic kidney disease	Cross-sectional survey	Laboratory parameters for serum calcium, phosphate,intact PTH, albumin, bicarbonate, and hemoglobin were obtained from chart review.	268 patients with clinical appointment were selected.	Raising awareness of CKD and K/DOQI goals among primary care providers, early referral to a nephrologist, studying socio-economic and cultural barriers, and both patient and physician education are critical to improve CKD care.