Table 1. Distribution for selected demographic and health characteristics comparing esophageal, stomach, and liver cancer cases with controls.
| Controls | Cancer Cases | ||||||
| Esophageal Cancer | Stomach Cancer | Liver Cancer | |||||
| (N, %) | (N, %) | One-Sided | (N, %) | One-Sided | (N, %) | One-Sided | |
| (N = 415) | (N = 218) | P-value† | (N = 206) | P-value† | (N = 204) | P-value† | |
| Age *, mean ± SD | 57.7±11.8 | 60.6±9.6 | 0.001 | 62.8±9.8 | <0.001 | 53.9±13.0 | <0.001 |
| Sex * | |||||||
| Female | 128 (30.8) | 77 (35.3) | 0.25 | 68 (33.0) | 0.58 | 45 (22.1) | 0.022 |
| Male | 287 (69.2) | 141 (64.7) | 138 (67.0) | 159 (77.9) | |||
| BMI, mean ± SD | 22.4±2.6 | 21.9±2.8 | 0.035 | 21.4±2.7 | <0.001 | 21.5±2.7 | <0.001 |
| Education | |||||||
| Illiterate | 73 (17.6) | 83 (38.6) | <0.001 | 66 (32.0) | <0.001 | 44 (21.6) | 0.19 |
| Primary school | 142 (34.2) | 101 (47.0) | 107 (51.9) | 77 (37.8) | |||
| Middle school or higher | 200 (48.2) | 31 (14.4) | 33 (16.0) | 83 (40.7) | |||
| Smoking | |||||||
| Never | 217 (52.4) | 94 (44.6) | 0.063 | 92 (45.8) | 0.12 | 85 (44.3) | 0.062 |
| Ever | 197 (47.6) | 117 (55.5) | 109 (54.2) | 107 (55.7) | |||
| pack-years, mean ± SD | 23.7±15.6 | 28.9±21.9 | 0.030 | 27.7±19.2 | 0.068 | 21.2±14.0 | 0.20 |
| Alcohol drinking | |||||||
| Never | 207(50.2) | 116 (55.0) | 0.015 | 111 (55.2) | 0.70 | 87 (45.3) | 0.13 |
| Occasionally | 72(17.5) | 18 (8.5) | 31 (15.4) | 29(15.1) | |||
| Often | 75(18.2) | 37 (17.5) | 32 (15.9) | 51(26.6) | |||
| Everyday | 58(14.1) | 40 (19.0) | 27 (13.4) | 25(13.0) | |||
| H. pylori CagA status | |||||||
| + | 251 (68.8) | 130 (64.7) | 0.32 | ||||
| − | 114 (31.2) | 71 (35.3) | |||||
| HBsAg status | |||||||
| + | 102 (24.6) | 132 (64.7) | <0.001 | ||||
| − | 312 (75.4) | 72 (35.3) | |||||
| Anti-HCV status | |||||||
| + | 12 (2.9) | 18 (9.0) | 0.001 | ||||
| − | 403 (97.1) | 183 (91.0) | |||||
| Plasma AFB1-albumin adduct levels (qunitile) | |||||||
| 1 | 75 (19.9) | 26 (14.4) | 0.054 | ||||
| 2 | 76 (20.2) | 36 (19.9) | |||||
| 3 | 75 (19.9) | 36 (19.9) | |||||
| 4 | 76 (20.2) | 28 (15.5) | |||||
| 5 | 75 (19.9) | 55 (30.4) | |||||
*: Matching factors.
†
: Two-sided P-values derived from t-tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables comparing cancer cases to controls.