Table 1.

Study characteristics of the ten eligible studies on dementia and glaucoma risk

Study	Location/population	Design	Cases/controls	Exposure/outcome	Assessment of glaucoma	Assessment of AD/dementia
Chandra et al, 198613	USA/general population	Case-control	7,195/14,390	OAG/AD	Death certificate	Death certificate
Bayer et al, 200214,#	Germany/nursing homes	Prevalent case-control	49/186	OAG/AD	Glaucomatous VFD, CDR ≥0.8	NR
Bayer et al, 200215,#	Germany/nursing homes	Prevalent case-control	112/116	OAG/AD	Glaucomatous VFD, CDR ≥0.8	NINCDS-ADRDA
Tamura et al, 200616	Japan/hospitals	Case-control	172/176	OAG/AD	ACAW, VCDR >0.7, VCDRD >0.2	NINCDS-ADRDA
Kessing et al, 200720	Denmark/general population	Record-linkage	11,721*	AD/OAG	ICD-8, ICD-10	ICD-8, ICD-10
Bach-Holm et al, 201122	Denmark/hospital	Record-linkage	69*	OAG/AD	Glaucomatous VFD, IOP ≤24 mmHg	ICD-8, ICD-10
Ou et al, 201221	USA/medicare beneficiaries	Retrospective cohort‡	63,325/63,325	OAG/AD	ICD-9	ICD-9
Cumurcu et al, 201318	Turkey/hospital	Case-control	21/67	AD/OAG	IOP ≥21mmHg, glaucomatous ODD/VFD	DSM-IV (2000)
Helmer et al, 201317	France/study volunteers	CohortIII	41/771	AD/OAG	VCDR ≥0.65, MRDR ≤0.1, VCDRD >0.2	DSM-IV (1994)
Ekstrom and Kilander, 201319	Sweden/study volunteers	Cohort¶	174/949	AD/OAG	IOP, VFD	NINCDS-ADRDA

Notes:

^*Patients with glaucoma compared to glaucoma prevalence or incidence rates from the general population of each country

^#it is not clear if these studies used independent samples

^‡14 years of follow-up

^II3 years of follow-up

^¶over 25 years of follow-up.

Abbreviations: ACAW, anterior chamber’s angle width; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CDR, cup-to-disc ratio; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition; ICD, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and related health problems; IOP, intraocular pressure; MRDR, minimal rim to disc ratio; NINCDS-ADRDA, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke – Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association; NR, not reported; OAG, open-angle glaucoma; ODD, optic disc damage; VCDR, vertical cup-to-disc ratio; VCDRD, vertical cup-to-disc ratio difference; VFD, visual field defect.