Figure 3. GXMGal effect on Treg cell intracellular cytokines production.

Activated purified CD4⁺ T cells (1×10⁶/ml) from RA were incubated for 18 or 96 h in the presence or absence (NS) of GXMGal (10 µg/ml) or MTX (10 ng/ml). After incubation, cells were stained for cell surface expression of CD25 then intracellular stained for FOXP3 and TGF-β1 or IL-10. For the analysis of intracellular cytokines, CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ (R1) and CD25⁻FOXP3⁺ (R2) cells were gated on purified CD4⁺ T cells. The gating strategy was shown (A). The percentage of intracellular TGF-β1 and IL-10 on CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ and CD25⁻FOXP3 positive cells were shown after 18 h or 96 h (B) as mean ± SEM of ten independent experiments. *, p<0.05 (triplicate samples of 10 different RA; treated vs untreated cells).