Table 3.
Factors Associated with Death among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Multivariable Analysis
| Factor | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Severity of kidney disease | 632.2 | <.0001 | ||
| ESRD - on dialysis vs. GFR 30–60 (no dialysis) | 2.29 (2.12, 2.46) | |||
| GFR<30 (no dialysis) vs. GFR 30–60 (no dialysis) | 1.77 (1.66, 1.90) | |||
|
| ||||
| Age, per 5 year increase above 65 | 1.19 (1.17, 1.21) | 390.1 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| NYHA Class | 180.3 | <.0001 | ||
| III vs. I | 1.63 (1.45, 1.83) | |||
| II vs. I | 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) | |||
|
| ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.38 (1.31, 1.45) | 151.7 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Chronic lung disease | 1.38 (1.31, 1.46) | 131.6 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Serum sodium, per 5 mEq/L decrease below 140 | 1.28 (1.22, 1.34) | 115.4 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 1.30 (1.23, 1.36) | 95.6 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, per 5% decrease | 1.10 (1.07, 1.12) | 77.7 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, per 5 mm Hg decrease below 120 | 1.06 (1.05, 1.08) | 58.7 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| QRS duration, per 10 ms increase up to 120 | 1.07 (1.05, 1.09) | 44.9 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia | 1.21 (1.14, 1.28) | 41.5 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.24 (1.16, 1.33) | 38.4 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Medicare or Medicaid, vs. health maintenance organization/commercial/other/none | 1.22 (1.14, 1.31) | 31.2 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.17 (1.10, 1.24) | 23.9 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Non-white race | 1.16 (1.09, 1.24) | 20.2 | <.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Prior percutaneous coronary intervention | 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) | 15.0 | 0.0001 | |
|
| ||||
| Atrioventricular block, any (1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree) vs. none | 1.11 (1.05, 1.17) | 12.3 | 0.0004 | |
|
| ||||
| Male sex | 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) | 6.9 | 0.0085 | |