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Multiple AF initiations via a repetitive focal driver in a 67-year-old man with persistent AF. (a) ECG and intracardiac recordings and (b) bi-atrial spatial activation map showing the last sinus beat (top panel), followed by a LA PAC trigger (middle), which leads to a focal AF driver on the anterior LA (CL150ms; bottom). (c) Left atrial activation map from 4 additional spontaneous initiations, each initiated by spatiotemporally similar focal drivers despite various preceding triggers.
