Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Characteristic | All Patients (n=31) | Paroxysmal AF Patients (n=21) | Persistent AF Patients (n=10) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62±9 | 61±10 | 63±9 | 0.16 |
| Male | 30 (97%) | 20 (95%) | 10 (100%) | |
| History of AF (months) | 33 (20–87) | 29 (19–53) | 65 (40–113) | 0.44 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 42±7 | 40±5 | 48±6 | 0.01 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 57±9 | 61±8 | 50±7 | 0.01 |
| CHADS2 score | ||||
| --0 to 1 | 15 (48%) | 10 (48%) | 5 (50%) | 0.90 |
| --2 or more | 16 (52%) | 11 (52%) | 5 (50%) | 0.90 |
| NHYA functional class | ||||
| --I–II | 30 (97%) | 21 (100%) | 9 (90%) | 0.14 |
| --III–IV | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (10%) | 0.14 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| --Hypertension (n) | 25 (81%) | 17 (81%) | 8 (80%) | 0.95 |
| --Diabetes mellitus (n) | 10 (32%) | 9 (43%) | 1 (10%) | 0.07 |
| --Prior stroke/TIA (n) | 6 (19%) | 3 (14%) | 3(30%) | 0.30 |
| --Coronary artery disease (n) | 11 (35%) | 7 (33%) | 4 (40%) | 0.72 |
| --Prior ablation | 5 (16%) | 1 (5%) | 4 (40%) | 0.01 |
| Previously failed >1 antiarrhythmic (n) | 9 (29%) | 5 (24%) | 4 (40%) | 0.35 |
| --Class I agent | 8 (26%) | 6 (29%) | 2 (20%) | 0.61 |
| --Sotalol | 13 (42%) | 8 (38%) | 5 (50%) | 0.53 |
| --Dofetilide | 5 (16%) | 3 (14%) | 2 (20%) | 0.69 |
| --Amiodarone | 10 (32%) | 6 (29%) | 4 (40%) | 0.52 |
| Concomitant drug therapy | ||||
| --ACEI/ARB | 17 (55%) | 11 (52%) | 6 (60%) | 0.69 |
| --Beta blocker | 17 (55%) | 10 (48%) | 7 (70%) | 0.24 |
| --Calcium channel blocker | 11 (35%) | 6 (29%) | 5 (50%) | 0.24 |
| --Statin | 19 (61%) | 15 (71%) | 4 (40%) | 0.09 |
Values are n (%), mean±SD or median (interquartile range).
ACEI=angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF=atrial fibrillation; ARB=angiotensin receptor blocker; NYHA=New York Heart Association; TIA=transient ischemic attack.