. 2014 Oct 3;62(10):1860–1868. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13071

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population as a Function of Unhealthy Behaviors Between 1991–93 and 2002–04

Baseline Characteristic	Study Population, N = 5,671	Unhealthy Behaviors 2 or 3 Times in the Three Assessments (1991–93, 1997–99, 2002–04)
Baseline Characteristic	Study Population, N = 5,671	Current or Recent Ex-Smoking, n = 700 (12.3%)	Nonmoderate Alcohol Consumption, n = 1,984 (35.0%)	Fruit and Vegetable Consumption < Twice Daily, n = 3,823 (67.4%)	Physical Inactivity, n = 1,160 (20.5%)
Age, mean ± SD	49.1 (5.9)	48.4 (5.6)^a	49.0 (5.9)	49.0 (5.9)^a	48.6 (5.9)^a
Male, n (%)	4,086 (72.1)	472 (67.4)^a	1,342 (67.6)^a	2,882 (75.4)^a	649 (56.0)^a
Height, cm, mean ± SD (in 2007–09)	171.0 (9.2)	170.1 (9.3)^a	170.3 (9.5)^a	171.2 (9.2)	167.9 (10.1)^a
Married or cohabiting, n (%)	4,354 (76.8)	496 (71.0)^a	1,436 (72.4)^a	2,915 (76.3)	748 (64.5)^a
≥University degree, n (%)	1,715 (30.2)	141 (20.1)^a	601 (30.3)	1,007 (26.3)^a	333 (28.7)
Current or recent ex-smoking, n (%)	834 (14.7)	669 (95.6)^a	376 (19.0)^a	660 (17.3)^a	211 (18.2)^a
Nonmoderate alcohol consumption, n (%)	1,922 (33.9)	298 (42.6)^a	1,538 (77.5)^a	1,349 (35.3)^a	491 (42.3)^a
Fruit and vegetable consumption < twice daily, n (%)	4,403 (77.6)	623 (89.0)^a	1,563 (78.8)	3,683 (96.3)^a	947 (81.6)^a
Physical inactivity, n (%)	1,025 (18.1)	158 (22.6)^a	419 (21.1)^a	741 (19.4)^a	691 (59.6)^a

Unhealthy behaviors were defined as current and recent ex- (cessation since the previous wave) smoking, nonmoderate alcohol consumption (abstinence or alcohol consumption ≥14 U/wk in women, ≥21 U/wk in men), fruit and vegetable consumption < twice daily, and physical inactivity (<1 h/wk of moderate and <1 h/wk of vigorous physical activity).

P <.05 for the difference in participant characteristics according to cumulative score for each unhealthy behavior (2 or 3 times vs never or once).

SD = standard deviation.