Table 1.
ARIC Brain MRI Study Participant Characteristics (ARIC Brain MRI Visit, 2004–2006).
| Included (n=712) |
P- Value* |
Excluded (n=422) |
P- Value** |
P- Value*** |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blacks (n=320) |
Whites (n=392) |
Blacks (n=274) |
Whites (n=148) |
||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 71.0 (4.1) | 72.4 (4.3) | <0.001 | 73.1 (4.6) | 73.5(4.1) | <0.001 | 0.009 |
| Female, % | 69.4 | 57.1 | 0.001 | 61.3 | 57.4 | 0.039 | 0.952 |
| Education, % | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.293 | ||||
| <High school | 26.6 | 8.4 | 44.5 | 12.8 | |||
| High school, GED, or vocational school | 23.8 | 45.2 | 22.6 | 43.9 | |||
| College, graduate, or professional school | 49.7 | 46.4 | 32.1 | 43.2 | |||
| Income, % | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.639 | ||||
| <$35,000 per year | 63.8 | 39.8 | 76.6 | 43.2 | |||
| ≥$35,000 per year | 24.7 | 56.4 | 14.2 | 52.0 | |||
| Not reported | 11.6 | 3.8 | 9.1 | 4.7 | |||
| Cigarette smoking status, % | 0.034 | 0.016 | 0.384 | ||||
| Current smoker | 9.4 | 7.9 | 4.0 | 5.4 | |||
| Former smoker | 30.0 | 39.0 | 36.9 | 44.6 | |||
| Never smoker | 59.1 | 50.8 | 57.7 | 48.0 | |||
| Alcohol consumption status, % | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.132 | ||||
| Current alcohol use | 27.5 | 49.0 | 20.8 | 43.9 | |||
| Former alcohol use | 52.8 | 20.9 | 46.7 | 29.1 | |||
| Never alcohol use | 19.7 | 29.6 | 32.1 | 26.4 | |||
| Hypertension, % | 75.6 | 58.4 | <0.001 | 83.9 | 67.6 | 0.025 | 0.045 |
| Diabetes, % | 28.1 | 15.8 | <0.001 | 40.9 | 21.0 | 0.001 | 0.159 |
| APOE ε4 genotype, % | 0.014 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 alleles | 60.6 | 70.9 | 44.9 | 62.8 | |||
| 1 allele | 27.2 | 20.4 | 32.1 | 23.7 | |||
| 2 alleles | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.1 | 6.1 | |||
| Mini-Mental Status Exam (points), mean (SD) | 27.2 (1.9) | 28.5 (1.5) | <0.001 | 25.0 (3.4) | 27.9 (2.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 11-Item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, mean (SD) | 3.7 (3.2) | 2.8 (2.7) | <0.001 | 5.3 (4.2) | 4.0 (3.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Delayed Word Recall Test (words), mean (SD) | 5.95 (1.53) | 6.48 (1.47) | <0.001 | 4.84 (1.92) | 5.75 (1.86) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Logical Memory Part I, Story A (story elements), mean (SD) | 9.8 (3.5) | 11.7 (3.9) | <0.001 | 7.9 (3.8) | 10.5 (4.1) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Logical Memory Part II, Story A (story elements), mean (SD) | 6.4 (3.7) | 8.5 (4.2) | <0.001 | 4.4 (3.6) | 7.1 (4.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Logical Memory Part I, Sum of Stories A and B (story elements), mean (SD) | 19.4 (6.0) | 23.3 (7.0) | <0.001 | 15.9 (6.6) | 21.5 (7.2) | <0.001 | 0.009 |
| Logical Memory Part II, Sum of Stories A and B (story elements), mean (SD) | 12.8 (6.5) | 17.9 (7.9) | <0.001 | 9.3 (6.2) | 15.4 (8.0) | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Word Fluency Test (words), mean (SD) | 30.6 (12.4) | 35.2 (11.5) | <0.001 | 23.4 (11.7) | 34.1 (10.9) | <0.001 | 0.322 |
| Animal Naming (animals), mean (SD) | 15.3 (4.3) | 18.2 (4.6) | <0.001 | 13.3 (4.5) | 16.7 (4.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Trail Making Test Part A (seconds), mean (SD) | 64.5 (34.5) | 39.3 (14.0) | <0.001 | 96.3 (55.5) | 48.7 (24.5) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Trail Making Test Part B (seconds), mean (SD) | 163.0 (63.6) | 107.3 (44.8) | <0.001 | 199.9 (53.0) | 133.0 (55.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Digit Symbol Substitution Test (points), mean (SD) | 32.8 (11.9) | 45.0 (10.1) | <0.001 | 24.2 (11.0) | 39.9 (10.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
P-value comparing included blacks to included whites.
P-value comparing included blacks to excluded blacks.
P-value comparing included whites to excluded whites.
Note:
Of the 320 included blacks, the following data were missing: cigarette smoking status (n=5), hypertension status (n=15), APOE ε4 genotype (n=39), Trail Making Test Part B (n=58).
Of the 392 included whites, the following data were missing: cigarette smoking status (n=9), alcohol consumption (n=2), hypertension status (n=7), APOE ε4 genotype (n=34), 11-Item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (n=4), Trail Making Test Part B (n=3).
Of the 274 excluded blacks, the following data were missing: education (n=2), cigarette smoking status (n=4), alcohol consumption (n=1), hypertension status (n=8), APOE ε4 genotype (n=38), Mini-Mental Status Exam (n=1), 11-Item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (n=3), Delayed Word Recall Test (n=7), Logical Memory Part I Story A (n=2), Logical Memory Part II Story A (n=4), Logical Memory Part I Sum of Stories A and B (n=9), Logical Memory Part II Sum of Stories A and B (n=20), Word Fluency Test (n=10), Animal Naming (n=13), Trail Making Test Part A (n=24), Trail Making Test Part B (n=110), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (n=19).
Of the 148 excluded whites, the following data were missing: cigarette smoking status (n=3), alcohol consumption (n=1), hypertension status (n=3), APOE ε4 genotype (n=11), 11-Item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (n=1), Delayed Word Recall Test (n=1), Logical Memory Part I Sum of Stories A and B (n=4), Logical Memory Part II Sum of Stories A and B (n=3), Animal Naming (n=1), Trail Making Test Part A (n=4), Trail Making Test Part B (n=4), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (n=4).