Table 4.
Normative Data for 8 Cognitive Tests (Mean and −1.5 SD Scores) Derived from Linear Regression Model* by Age and Education Category in Whites.
| Test | Age** | Education | Mean | −1.5 SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delayed Word Recall Test (words) | 65-<70 | <High School | 6.597 | 4.409 |
| High School or Equivalent | 6.638 | 4.450 | ||
| >High School | 7.025 | 4.837 | ||
| 70-<75 | <High School | 6.255 | 4.067 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 6.296 | 4.108 | ||
| >High School | 6.683 | 4.495 | ||
| 75-<80 | <High School | 5.913 | 3.725 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 5.954 | 3.766 | ||
| >High School | 6.341 | 4.153 | ||
| Logical Memory Part I, Story A (story elements) | 65-<70 | <High School | 11.474 | 6.094 |
| High School or Equivalent | 11.380 | 5.999 | ||
| >High School | 13.049 | 7.669 | ||
| 70-<75 | <High School | 11.003 | 5.622 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 10.908 | 5.527 | ||
| >High School | 12.577 | 7.197 | ||
| 75-<80 | <High School | 10.531 | 5.150 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 10.436 | 5.056 | ||
| >High School | 12.106 | 6.725 | ||
| Logical Memory Part II, Story A (story elements) | 65-<70 | <High School | 8.395 | 2.608 |
| High School or Equivalent | 8.391 | 2.603 | ||
| >High School | 10.007 | 4.220 | ||
| 70-<75 | <High School | 7.697 | 1.909 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 7.693 | 1.905 | ||
| >High School | 9.309 | 3.521 | ||
| 75-<80 | <High School | 6.999 | 1.211 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 6.994 | 1.207 | ||
| >High School | 8.611 | 2.823 | ||
| Logical Memory Part I, Sum of Stories A and B (story elements) | 65-<70 | <High School | 22.850 | 13.414 |
| High School or Equivalent | 22.919 | 13.483 | ||
| >High School | 26.072 | 16.636 | ||
| 70-<75 | <High School | 21.760 | 12.323 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 21.829 | 12.392 | ||
| >High School | 24.982 | 15.545 | ||
| 75-<80 | <High School | 20.669 | 11.233 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 20.738 | 11.302 | ||
| >High School | 23.891 | 14.455 | ||
| Logical Memory Part II, Sum of Stories A and B (story elements) | 65-<70 | <High School | 17.180 | 6.753 |
| High School or Equivalent | 17.753 | 7.326 | ||
| >High School | 20.950 | 10.523 | ||
| 70-<75 | <High School | 15.831 | 5.403 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 16.403 | 5.976 | ||
| >High School | 19.601 | 9.173 | ||
| 75-<80 | <High School | 14.481 | 4.054 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 15.054 | 4.626 | ||
| >High School | 18.251 | 7.824 | ||
| Word Fluency Test (words) | 65-<70 | <High School | 28.334 | 12.494 |
| High School or Equivalent | 33.400 | 17.560 | ||
| >High School | 40.620 | 24.780 | ||
| 70-<75 | <High School | 27.179 | 11.339 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 32.245 | 16.405 | ||
| >High School | 39.465 | 23.625 | ||
| 75-<80 | <High School | 26.024 | 10.184 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 31.090 | 15.250 | ||
| >High School | 38.310 | 22.470 | ||
| Animal Naming (animals) | 65-<70 | <High School | 17.078 | 10.808 |
| High School or Equivalent | 17.905 | 11.635 | ||
| >High School | 20.432 | 14.162 | ||
| 70-<75 | <High School | 16.281 | 10.011 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 17.108 | 10.838 | ||
| >High School | 19.635 | 13.365 | ||
| 75-<80 | <High School | 15.484 | 9.215 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 16.311 | 10.041 | ||
| >High School | 18.838 | 12.569 | ||
| Trail Making Test – Part A (seconds)† | 65-<70 | <High School | 40.688 | 67.890 |
| High School or Equivalent | 35.079 | 58.531 | ||
| >High School | 31.792 | 53.048 | ||
| 70-<75 | <High School | 44.781 | 74.721 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 38.608 | 64.420 | ||
| >High School | 34.991 | 58.385 | ||
| 75-<80 | <High School | 49.286 | 82.238 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 42.493 | 70.902 | ||
| >High School | 38.511 | 64.259 | ||
| Trail Making Test – Part B (seconds) †∥ | 65-<70 | <High School | 122.364 | 212.235 |
| High School or Equivalent | 97.632 | 169.339 | ||
| >High School | 77.650 | 134.680 | ||
| 70-<75 | <High School | 136.013 | 235.909 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 108.523 | 188.228 | ||
| >High School | 86.311 | 149.703 | ||
| 75-<80 | <High School | 151.186 | 240.000 ‡ | |
| High School or Equivalent | 120.628 | 209.224 | ||
| >High School | 95.939 | 166.402 | ||
| Digit Symbol Substitution Test (points) | 65-<70 | <High School | 39.862 | 25.444 |
| High School or Equivalent | 45.742 | 31.324 | ||
| >High School | 50.819 | 36.401 | ||
| 70-<75 | <High School | 37.216 | 22.798 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 43.096 | 28.678 | ||
| >High School | 48.173 | 33.755 | ||
| 75-<80 | <High School | 34.570 | 20.152 | |
| High School or Equivalent | 40.450 | 26.032 | ||
| >High School | 45.527 | 31.109 | ||
*
Model includes terms for age, race, education, and race X education interaction.
**
Scores derived using the midpoint of each age category.
†
Higher score represents worse performance.
∥
Subsample of participants who completed Trail Making Test – Part B (n=389 whites).
‡
Maximum possible score is 240 seconds.
Note: Education is defined as: 1.) <High school, 2.) High school or equivalent - high school, GED, or vocational school, and 3.) >High school - college, graduate, or professional school.