. 2014 Sep 27;18(5):518. doi: 10.1186/s13054-014-0518-9

Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review

Reference	Design	Population/Years of enrollment	Patients/Centers	Age (years)	Male, n (%)	Technique (TEG®/ROTEM®)	Intervention
Kaufmann 1997 [9]	Prospective	ISS 12.3^b	69/1	40.0^b	41 (59.4%)	TEG® - 37°C	None
		1994 - 1995				Whole blood
		1994 - 1995				Celite activated
Watts 1998 [10]	Prospective	ISS 16.6^b	112/1	36.4^b	76 (68.0%)	TEG® - patient’s T	None
Watts 1998 [10]	Prospective	1996 - 1997	112/1	36.4^b	76 (68.0%)	Citrated blood recalcified	None
Schreiber 2005 [11]	Prospective	ISS 23.0^a	65/1	42.0^b	45 (69.0%)	TEG® - 37°C	None
		Years not reported				Whole blood
		Years not reported				Kaolin activated
Rugeri 2007 [12]	Prospective	ISS 22.0^a	88/1	34.0^b	68 (77.2%).	ROTEM® - 37°C	None
		2004				Citrate blood, recalcified
		2004				Ellagic acid and TF
Nekludov 2007 [13]	Prospective	ISS TBI: 33.0^a	47/1	TBI: 42.0^a	19 (95.0%)	TEG® - 37°C	None
		ISS general: 46.0^a 2006		Trauma: 36.0^a		Citrated blood, recalcified
		ISS general: 46.0^a 2006		Trauma: 36.0^a		Kaolin added
Levrat 2008 [14]	Prospective	ISS HF: 38.0^a	87/1	HF: 29.0^a	HF: 64 (78.0%)	ROTEM® - 37°C	None
		ISS non HF: 20.0^a		No HF: 30.0^a	No HF: 4 (80.0%)	Citrated blood, recalcified
		2004		No HF: 30.0^a	No HF: 4 (80.0%)	Ellagic acid or TF
Park 2008 [57]	Prospective	ISS 23.0^b	58/1	47.0^b	44 (76%)	TEG® - patient’s T	None
		2004-2005				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2004-2005				Added TF
Plotkin 2008 [15]	Retrospective	ISS 21.0^b	44/1	Not reported	Not reported	TEG® - patient’s T	None
		2004				Fresh blood
		2004				Celite 1% added
Carroll 2009 [16]	Prospective	ISS 20.0^a	161/1	42.0^a	118 (73.0%)	TEG® - patient’s T	None
		Years not reported				Citrated blood
		Years not reported				Heparinized for PM
Jeger 2009 [17]	Prospective	ISS 29.0^a	20/1	48.0^a	13 (65.0%).	r-TEG® and TEG® - 37°C	None
		Years not reported				Fresh blood
		Years not reported				TF added
Kashuk 2009 [49]	Retrospective	ISS 29.0^a	44/1	38.9^b	32 (69.6%)	r-TEG® - 37°C	None
		2008				Citrated and non-citrated
		2008				r-TEG® solution
Kashuk 2009 [18]	Retrospective	ISS Hypercoagulable: 26^b ISS Normal: 24.0^b	152/1	Hypercoagulable: 45.0^a Normal group: 38.0^a	107 (70.5%)	r-TEG® - patient’s T Whole blood	None
Kashuk 2009 [18]	Retrospective	Years not reported	152/1		107 (70.5%)	Added Kaolin and TF	None
Park 2009 [19]	Prospective	ISS burn: 18.1^b	78/1	Burn: 56.0^b	Burn: 18 (72.0%)	TEG® - patient’s T	None
Park 2009 [19]	Prospective	ISS non burn: 21.7^b 2004 – 2005		Nonburn: 43.0^b Controls: 37.3^b	Nonburn: 26 (78.0%) Control: 11 (55.0%)	Fresh blood TF added	None
Schöchl 2009 [58]	Prospective	ISS 42.0^b	33/1	45.0^a	22 (67.0%).	ROTEM® - 37°C	None
		2003 - 2007				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2003 - 2007				TF added
Doran 2010 [20]	Prospective	ISS MT: 35.0^a	25/1	21.0^a	25 (100.0%)	ROTEM® - 37°C	None
		ISS non MT: 20.0^a				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2009				Citrated blood, recalcified
Kashuk 2010 [21]	Retrospective	ISS MT: 32.5^a	61/1	34.2^b	Not reported	r-TEG® - patient’s T	None
		ISS ModT: 29.0^a				Fresh whole blood
		ISS MinT: 34.0^a				r-TEG® solution
		Years not reported				r-TEG® solution
Leemann 2010 [22]	Retrospective	ISS 31.1^b	53/1	39.6^b	40 (75.5%)	ROTEM® - 37°C	None
		2006				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2006				Ellagic acid or TF
Schöchl 2010 [59]	Retrospective	ISS 38.0^b	131/1	46.0^b	96 (73.0%)	ROTEM® - 37°C	ROTEM® FC and PCC guided therapy
		2005 - 2009				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2005 - 2009				Calcium chloride added
Schöchl 2011 [23]	Retrospective	ISS survivors: 20.0^a	88/1	47.0^a	67 (76.0%)	ROTEM® - T not reported	None
		ISS nonsurvivors: 29.0^a				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2005 - 2010				TF, Kaolin, Cytochalasin
Watters 2010 [24]	Prospective	ISS surgery: 35.3^b	80/1	Surgery: 41.1^b	59 (73.7%)	TEG® - T not reported	None
		ISS control: 21.2^b		Controls: 33.7^b		No further details reported
		Years not reported		Controls: 33.7^b		No further details reported
Cotton 2011 [25]	Prospective	ISS 14.0^a	272/1	34.0^a	201 (74.0%)	r-TEG® - T not reported	None
		2009 - 2010				Citrated blood
		2009 - 2010				CaCl², Kaolin and TF added
Davenport 2011 [26]	Prospective	ISS 12.0^a	300/1	33.0^a	246 (82.0%)	ROTEM® - 37°C	None
		2007 - 2009				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2007 - 2009				TF added
Davenport 2011 [50]	Prospective	ISS 29.0^a	50/1	42.0^a	41 (82.0%)	ROTEM® - 37°C	None
		2007 - 2009				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2007 - 2009				TF added
Differding 2011 [27]	Prospective	ISS 20.0^a	46/1	Patients: 48.0^a	23 (50.0%)	TEG® - 38, 36, 34, 32°C	None
		Years not reported		Controls: 38.0^a		Citrated blood, recalcified
		Years not reported		Controls: 38.0^a		Kaolin solution added
Jansen 2013 [28]	Prospective	ISS 19.0^a	10/1	Not reported	Not reported	ROTEM® - 37°C	None
		2010				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2010				TF, Cytochalasin
Nystrup 2011 [29]	Retrospective	ISS 21.0^b	89/1	39.0^b	59 (66.0%)	TEG® - T not reported	None
		2006 - 2007				Citrated blood
		2006 - 2007				No further technical details
Ostrowski 2011 [30]	Prospective	ISS 5–36	80/1	48.0^b	54 (67.6%)	TEG® - 37°C	None
		2010				Citrated blood
		2010				No further details reported
Schöchl 2011 [51]	Retrospective	FC-PCC group: 35.5^b	681/2	FC-PCC: 37.3^b	505 (74.1%)	ROTEM® - T not reported	PCC and FC guided by ROTEM®. Comparison with standard FFP transfusion
		FFP group: 35.2^b		FFP: 39.0^b		No technical details reported
		2006 - 2009		FFP: 39.0^b		No technical details reported
Schöchl 2011 [31]	Retrospective	MT group: 27.0^a	323/1	44.0^a	255 (78.9%)	ROTEM® - T not reported	None
		Non MT group: 42.0^a				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2005 - 2010				Kaolin, TF, Cytochalasin
Tauber 2011 [32]	Prospective	ISS 34.0^a	334/1	43.0^a	260 (77.8%)	ROTEM® - T not reported	FFP, PLT, FC and PCC guided by ROTEM®.
Tauber 2011 [32]	Prospective	2005 - 2008				No further technical details	FFP, PLT, FC and PCC guided by ROTEM®.
Theusinger 2011 [60]	Retrospective	ISS trauma HF: 55^b	35/1	55.0^b	26 (74.2%)	ROTEM® - T not reported	None
		Non trauma HF: 43^b				No further technical details
		2008 - 2010				No further technical details
Cotton 2012 [33]	Prospective	ISS HF: 25.0^a	1996/1	HF group: 29.0^a	HF: 27 (67.0%)	r-TEG® - 37°C	None
		ISS non HF: 16.0^a		No HF: 33.0^a	Non HF: 1466 (75.0%)	Citrated blood, recalcified
		2009 - 2010			Non HF: 1466 (75.0%)	Kaolin and TF added
Cotton 2012 [34]	Retrospective	ISS PE: 31.0^a	2067/1	PE: 41.0^a	PE group: 36 (69.0%)	r-TEG® - T not reported	None
		ISS no PE: 19.0^a		No PE: 33.^0a	No PE: 1530 (76%)	Citrated blood
		2009 – 2011				Na Chloride, TF, Kaolin
Davis 2013 [61]	Prospective	ISS 25.0^a	50/2	48.5^a	36 (72.0%)	TEG®. TEG®-PM - 37°C Activation solution added Heparinized blood	None
		Years not reported
		Years not reported				ADP, AA and Kaolin
Holcomb 2012 [35]	Retrospective	ISS 17.0^a	1974/1	33.0^a	1480 (75.0%)	r-TEG® - T not reported	None
		2009 - 2011				Citrated blood
		2009 - 2011				CaCl², kaolin and TF added
Ives 2012 [36]	Prospective	ISS dead: 26.4^a	118/1	Dead: 34.8^b	91 (77.1%)	TEG®, T not reported	None
		ISS alive: 14.8^a		Alive: 36.7^b		Citrated blood
		2010 - 2011				Kaolin and CaCl² added
Jeger 2012 [52]	Prospective	ISS 18.0^b	76/1	49.0^b	55 (72.0%)	r-TEG® - 37°C	Physicians blinded to TEG® Transfusion guided clinically and with RSCT results.
		2009 - 2010				TF, Kaolin added
		2009 - 2010				Citrated blood, recalcified
Kashuk 2012 [37]	Before and after study	ISS 0–25: 9%	68/1	r-TEG®: 33.3^b	r-TEG®: 29 (85.0%)	r-TEG® - patient’s T	TEG® guided resuscitation implemented and compared with the pre TEG® period
		ISS 26–35: 29%		TEG®: 40.5^b	TEG®: 25(74.0%)	Fresh blood
		ISS ≥ 36: 62%				Kaolin, TF, stabilizers added
		Over 7 months
		Years not reported
Kunio 2012 [62]	Prospective	ISS 21.0^a	69/1	46.0^a	56 (81.2%)	TEG® - T not reported	None
Kunio 2012 [62]	Prospective	2010 - 2011				Fresh whole blood non Citrated and Kaolin activated	None
Kutcher 2012 [38]	Prospective	ISS 22.0^b	115/1	40.8^b	Not reported	ROTEM® - 37°C	None
		2011 - 2012				Citrated whole blood
		2011 - 2012				TF and aprotinin added
Nascimento 2012 [39]	Retrospective	ISS 26.0^b	219/1	39.0^b	154 (69.0%)	TEG® - 37°C	None
		2007				Citrated blood
		2007				Kaolin, stabilizers added
Ostrowski 2012 [53]	Prospective	ISS heparinized: 31.0^a	77/1	Heparin:	53 (68.8%)	TEG® - 37°C	None
		ISS non heparin: 17.0^a		74.0^a		Citrated whole blood
		2010		Noneparin:		Kaolin TEG®, heparinase TEG®
		2010		44.0^a		Kaolin TEG®, heparinase TEG®
Pezold 2012 [54]	Retrospective	ISS 29.0^b	80/1	34.0^b	65 (81.0%)	r- TEG® - 37°C	None
		2008 - 2010				Fresh whole blood
		2008 - 2010				Kaolin and TF added
Raza 2013 [55]	Prospective	ISS 10.0^a	288/1	37.0^a	236 (81.9%)	ROTEM® - 37°C	None
Raza 2013 [55]	Prospective	2007 - 2009				Citrated blood, added TF Antifibrinolytic, CaCl² or Aprotinin	None
Rourke 2012 [40]	Prospective	ISS 34.0^a	517/2	36.0^a	405 (78.0%)	ROTEM® - 37°C	Pre-fixed MTP, including administration of RBC, FFP, PLT, CRYO and FC and ex vivo FC
		2008 - 2010				Citrated blood
		2008 - 2010				Recalcified
Wohlauer 2012 [41]	Prospective	ISS 19.0^b	51/2	44.0^b	32 (63.0%)	TEG® - 37°C	None
		Years nor reported				Citrated whole blood
		Years nor reported				Kaolin TEG®, AA and ADP TEG®-PM
Woolley 2013 [42]	Prospective	ISS not reported	48/1	24.0^a	Not reported	ROTEM® - T not reported	None
		2009				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2009				Added TF, Cytochalasin
Chapman 2013 [43]	Prospective	Non TEG®: 18.3^a	304/1	Non TEG®: 35.1^a	Non TEG®: 168 (64.0%)	r-TEG® - patient’s T	None
		TEG®: 33.2^a		TEG®: 37.7^a	TEG®: 29 (69.0%)	Fresh whole blood
		2009 - 2012		TEG®: 37.7^a	TEG®: 29 (69.0%)	Kaolin and TF added
Chapman 2013 [56]	Prospective	ISS 30.0^a	289/1	43.0^b	196 (68.0%)	TEG® - T not reported	None
		2010 - 2012				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2010 - 2012				Kaolin, stabilizers added
Harr 2013 [44]	Prospective	ISS 23.5^a	68/1	38.0^b	45 (66.0%)	TEG® - 37°C	None
						Citrated blood, recalcified
						Kaolin, stabilizers added
Johansson 2013 [45]	Prospective	ISS 17.0^b	182/1	43.0^b	136 (75.0%)	TEG® - 37°C	MTP (1:1:1 ratio) initially and guided by TEG® thereafter. Also TXA, CRYO and FC administered.
		2010 - 2011				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2010 - 2011				Kaolin and TF activated and Functional fibrinogen test
Lee 2013 [46]	Prospective	ISS 17.0^b 2010 - 2012	190/1	43.0^b	136 (71.6%)	TEG®, r-TEG® - T not reported	None
		ISS 17.0^b 2010 - 2012	190/1	43.0^b	136 (71.6%)	Citrated blood, recalcified
						Kaolin and TF activated
Tapia 2013 [63]	Before and after study	ISS 25.0^b	289/1	35.0^b	251 (86.8%)	TEG® - 37°C	TEG® guided resuscitation pre MTP and guided by MTP without TEG® thereafter
		2008 - 2010				Whole blood
		2008 - 2010				Celite activated
Kornblith 2014 [47]	Prospective	ISS 9.0^a	251/1	35.0^a	202 (80.7%)	TEG® - 37°C	None
		Years not reported				Citrated blood, recalcified
		Years not reported				Kaolin and TF activated and functional fibrinogen test
Branco 2014 [48]	Prospective	ISS 1 - 51	118/1	36.9^b	97 (77.1%)	TEG® - T not reported	None
		2011				Citrated blood, recalcified
		2011				Kaolin added

^aMedian, AA – arachidonic acid, ADP – adenosine diphosphate, AIS – abbreviated injury score, ^bMean, CaCl² – calcium chloride, CRYO – cryoprecipitate, DVT – deep vein thrombosis, FC – fibrinogen concentrate, FFP – fresh frozen plasma, GCS – Glasgow Coma Scale, HCR – hemostatic control resuscitation, HF – hyperfibrinolysis, ISS – injury severity score, LMWH – low molecular weight heparin, MinT – minimal transfusion, ModT – moderate transfusion, MT – massive transfusion, MTP – massive transfusion protocol, Na – sodium, PCC – prothrombin complex concentrate, PE – pulmonary embolism, PLT – platelets, PM – platelet mapping, RBC – red blood cells, ROTEM® - rotational thromboelastometry, RSCT – routine screening coagulation tests, r-TEG® - rapid thromboelastography, TBI – traumatic brain injury, TEG® - thromboelastography, TF – tissue factor, TXA – tranexamic acid.