Table 3.
Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses of CS by background characteristics in pooled data from 2000–2013
| Variable name | Caesarean section (urban) | Caesarean section (rural) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |
| Year | 1.00 | 0.99-1.01 | 1.00 | 0.98-1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00-1.02 | 1.03 | 1.01-1.04 |
| Referral status | ||||||||
| Medically referred | 2.79 | 2.55-3.05 | 7.62 | 6.15-9.43 | 2.43 | 2.20-2.68 | 4.39 | 3.53-5.46 |
| Not referred | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Medically referred x year | 0.87 | 0.85-0.89 | 0.88 | 0.85-.090 | 0.92 | 0.89-0.94 | 0.92 | 0.89-0.94 |
| Not referred x year | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Father’s education level | ||||||||
| No/primary | 1.22 | 1.14-1.29 | 1.36 | 1.15-1.60 | 1.61 | 1.47-1.77 | 1.37 | 1.23-1.53 |
| Secondary/higher | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| No/primary x time | 0.98 | 0.96-0.99 | 0.98 | 0.96-0.997 | ||||
| Secondary/higher x time | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Mother’s education level | ||||||||
| No/primary | 1.10 | 1.04-1.17 | 0.96 | 0.89-1.04 | 1.58 | 1.43-1.75 | 1.17 | 1.04-1.32 |
| Secondary/higher | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Mother’s marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 1.17 | 1.06-1.29 | 1.11 | 0.99-1.23 | 1.01 | 0.88-1.15 | 0.87 | 0.75-1.01 |
| Single | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Mother’s tribe | ||||||||
| Chagga | 0.85 | 0.79-0.91 | 0.71 | 0.60-0.85 | 0.66 | 0.60-0.73 | 0.76 | 0.68-0.85 |
| Pare | 1.09 | 0.99-1.21 | 0.96 | 0.74-1.26 | 1.28 | 1.09-1.49 | 1.26 | 1.07-1.49 |
| Other | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Chagga x time | 1.04 | 1.02-1.06 | 1.03 | 1.01-1.05 | ||||
| Pare x time | 1.01 | 0.98-1.04 | 1.01 | 0.98-1.04 | ||||
| Other x time | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Mother's age | ||||||||
| 13-17y | 1.07 | 0.85-1.35 | 0.90 | 0.54-1.50 | 0.79 | 0.60-1.03 | 0.61 | 0.45-0.82 |
| 18-25y | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 26-35y | 1.31 | 1.22-1.40 | 1.23 | 1.02-1.49 | 1.12 | 1.02-1.23 | 1.26 | 1.12-1.42 |
| 36-47y | 1.60 | 1.43.1.78 | 1.93 | 1.37-2.73 | 1.10 | 0.95-1.27 | 1.40 | 1.16-1.69 |
| Parity | ||||||||
| 1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 2-3 | 1.24 | 1.16-1.32 | 1.03 | 0.85-1.24 | 1.41 | 1.28-1.56 | 1.35 | 1.20-1.53 |
| 4-6 | 1.22 | 1.10-1.35 | 0.57 | 0.42-0.78 | 1.25 | 1.10-1.42 | 0.98 | 0.83-1.17 |
| 7+ | 0.70 | 0.43-1.14 | 0.35 | 0.13-0.99 | 0.90 | 0.64-1.28 | 0.60 | 0.40-0.91 |
| 1 x time | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| 2-3 x time | 1.01 | 0.99-1.03 | 1.01 | 0.98-1.03 | ||||
| 4-6 x time | 1.05 | 1.02-1.08 | 1.06 | 1.02-1.10 | ||||
| 7 + x time | 1.03 | 0.91-1.17 | 1.03 | 0.89-1.19 | ||||