Antibodies to human NOTCH3 and reactivity with CADASIL white matter arteries. (A) A schematic of the NOTCH3 protein and expanded view of the N-terminus. Sequences localized to the end of the first EGF-like repeat and the beginning of the second EGF-like repeat, highlighted with horizontal bars, were used as immunogens to generated N-terminal NOTCH3 antibodies 5209, 5210, 2078, and 2079. Gain or loss of cysteine mutations are depicted by shaded circles with or without a “C,” respectively, at the bottom right side of (A). Small penetrating white matter vessels from CADASIL brains were examined by immunohistochemistry using 5210 (B) and 2079 (C). Insets in (B) and (C) show negative vascular staining patterns using preimmune serum. Positive vascular staining was seen with 5209 and 2078, and corresponding preimmune serum failed to react with CADASIL vessels.