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. 2014 Oct 16;2:61. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00061

Figure 4.

Figure 4

WNT, FGF, and Hedgehog signaling cascades. (A) Canonical WNT signaling cascade and β-catenin. Canonical WNT signaling activation releases β-catenin from its degradation complex of APC and AXIN, which results in nuclear translocation of β-catenin and transcriptional activation of TCF/LEF-target genes, such as CCND1 (Cyclin D1), FGF20, JAG1, and MYC (c-Myc). β-catenin is a direct target of miR-200a, miR-214, miR-320a, and miR-1826. (B) FGF signaling cascades and FGFR1. FGF signals induce dimerization and auto-phosphorylation of a receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR1, which activates downstream RAS-ERK, PI3K-AKT, STAT3, and Ca2+-release signaling cascades. FGFR1 is a direct target of miR-16, miR-133b, miR-198, miR-214, miR-382, miR-424, and miR-503. (C) Hedgehog signaling cascade and Smoothened. Hedgehog signals are transduced from Patched receptor to Smoothened signal transducer, which activates transcription of GLI-target genes, such as BCL2, FOXC2, JAG2, and MYCN (N-Myc). Smoothened is a direct target of miR-125b, miR-193b, miR-324-5p, miR-326, and miR-338-3p.