Figure 5. Hypothetical mechanisms for clearance of nuclear aggregates.

(A) Nuclear aggregates may be cleared during mitosis through asymmetric inheritance, as in yeast (top panel). In metazoans, the dissolution of the nuclear envelope may expose nuclear aggregates to cytoplasmic PQC machineries (bottom panel). (B) Large nuclear aggregates have been proposed to actively transport through the nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm for disaggregation or degradation, analogous to nuclear egress pathways of Herpesvirus and mRNA-protein granules; adapted from a model proposed by Schlieker and colleagues [125]. These models require experimental validation.