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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013 Oct 23;54:581–598. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134615

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The hypothetical correlations of various materials characteristics (MCs) of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to biological effects/outcomes. In addition to the material composition and size (green) that are the primary attributes determining the overall MCs of ENMs, the rest of the physicochemical characteristics of ENMs can be divided into overlapping modules as one set of MCs that determines surface reactivity (yellow), another set of MCs that determines the cellular uptake and subcellular localization (pink), and a third set of MCs that determines the interaction with specific cellular compartments or processes (blue). Biocompatibility and bioadversity (red) are two new modalities of MCs representing the concerns about using biologicals in ENMs. Abbreviation: ROS, reactive oxygen species. Modified from Reference 85 with permission.