Excess relative risk (ERR) for breast tissue vs dose (conventional fractionation regimens). Parameters: λ = 0.4 (1/day), r = 0.76, γ = 10−6 (1/Gy), N = 106, α = 0.18 (1/Gy). IIP, initiation–inactivation–proliferation. Reproduced from Sachs and Brenner18 copyright (2005) National Academy of Sciences, USA.