Table 1.
Basic characteristics of subjects at baseline according to current use of sulfonylurea
| Duration of sulfonylurea (years) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | 1–5 | 6–10 | >10 | P for trends** | |
| n (total = 4,902) | 2,467 | 1,601 | 532 | 302 | |
| Age* (years) | 68.8 | 67.5 | 67.6 | 68.6 | 0.006 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.3 | 31.3 | 31.6 | 31.0 | 0.0002 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1,613 | 1,648 | 1,579 | 1,649 | 0.8 |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.0008 |
| Physical activity (h/week) | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.003 |
| Alternative healthy eating index score | 52.1 | 51.0 | 50.7 | 50.3 | 0.0003 |
| Current smoking (%) | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 0.7 |
| Multivitamin use (%) | 67.9 | 64.9 | 67.6 | 62.6 | 0.1 |
| Family history of myocardial infarction (%) | 27.3 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 12.4 | 0.98 |
| Family history of stroke (%) | 7.1 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 8.9 | 0.6 |
| Diabetic characteristics and medications | |||||
| Diabetes duration (years) | 10.5 | 11.4 | 12.4 | 17.2 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.0 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.8 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetic retina (%) | 13.6 | 19.5 | 17.6 | 26.0 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetic kidney disease (%) | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 7.5 | 0.0004 |
| Diabetic neuropathy (%) | 17.6 | 24.3 | 25.9 | 32.1 | <0.0001 |
| Insulin (%) | 16.4 | 28.4 | 22.5 | 23.7 | <0.0001 |
| Rosiglitazone (%) | 8.9 | 12.5 | 14.7 | 15.5 | <0.0001 |
| Pioglitazone (%) | 6.4 | 10.5 | 7.4 | 12.9 | 0.001 |
| Acarbose (%) | 3.1 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Other combinations of medications (%) | 15.8 | 10.0 | 4.9 | 6.7 | <0.0001 |
| History of other chronic conditions and medications | |||||
| Hypertension (%) | 57.8 | 57.8 | 57.3 | 58.3 | 0.7 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 51.3 | 48.8 | 47.8 | 43.8 | 0.01 |
| Cancer (%) | 16.5 | 19.1 | 20.8 | 20.1 | 0.007 |
| Aspirin (%) | 52.6 | 51.2 | 51.1 | 50.2 | 0.3 |
| Antihypertensive medications (%) | 63.0 | 65.1 | 68.7 | 63.1 | 0.09 |
| Antidepressant medications (%) | 13.0 | 13.9 | 11.0 | 12.5 | 0.4 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medications (%) | 43.4 | 42.9 | 39.1 | 35.7 | 0.006 |
Values are means or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.
*Value is not age adjusted.
**P for trends was estimated by general linear model for means and logistic model for percentages by assigning the median value to each category of duration of sulfonylurea use and modeling this variable as a continuous variable.