Table 1.

Classification of the rating measures applied in studies of dystonia.

Scales/questionnaire	Typea	Criteriab			Qualification
		1	2	3
Blepharospasm
•Blepharospasm Disability Index (BSDI)	Specific	Yes	Yes	Yes	Recommended
•Jankovic rating scale	Specific	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
•Blepharospasm Disability Scale	Specific	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
Cervical dystonia
•Cervical Dystonia Impact Scale (CDIP-58)	Specific	Yes	Yes	Yes	Recommended
•Functional Disability Questionnaire	Specific	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
•Toronto Western Spasmodic torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS)	Specific	Yes	Yes	Yes	Recommended
•Tsui scale	Specific	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
•Modified Tsui scale	Specific	Yes	No	No	Listed
•Freiberg Questionnaire for Dystonia torticollis version	Specific	Yes	No	No	Listed
•Disability questionnaire for patients with cervical dystonia	Specific	Yes	No	No	Listed
•Body Concept Scale	Specific	Yes	No	Yes	Suggested
•Ways of Coping Checklist	Generic	Yes	No	No	Listed
Blepharospasm/cervical dystonia
•Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire (CDQ-24)	Specific	Yes	Yes	Yes	Recommended
Oromandibular dystonia
•Oromandibular dystonia questionnaire	Specific	Yes	No	Yes	Suggested
Laryngeal dystonia
•Unified Spasmodic Dysphonia Rating Scale	Specific	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
•Voice Handicap Index (VHI)	Generic	Yes	Yes	Yes	Recommended
•Voice Handicap Index 10	Generic	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
•Pediatric Voice Handicap Index	Generic	Uncertain	Yes	No	Listed
•Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life	Generic	Uncertain	Yes	No	Listed
•Voice-Related Quality of Life	Generic	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
•Vocal Performance Questionnaire (VPQ)	Generic	Yes	Yes	Yes	Recommended
Arm dystonia
•Arm Dystonia Disability Scale	Specific	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
Task-specific dystonia
•Dystonia Evaluation Scale	Specific	Yes	No	No	Listed
•Tubiana-Chamagne Score	Specific	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
•Writer’s Cramp Rating Scale	Specific	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
Generalized dystonia
•Global Dystonia rating Scale	Specific	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested
•Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (FMDRS)	Specific	Yes	Yes	Yes	Recommended
•Unified Dystonia Rating Scale	Specific	Yes	Yes	No	Suggested

Notes:

^a“Specific” indicates a measure developed specifically for dystonia, “generic” indicates a measure applicable across different diseases, including dystonia;

^bCriteria are as follows: 1 used in dystonia patients, 2 used by researchers beyond original developers, 3 successful clinimetric testing.