Temozolomide-associated increment of HIFs may control GSC maintenance and tumorigenesis. (a) Serial analysis of all four cell lines used throughout this study indicated significantly increased levels of HIF2α in CD133+ GSCs in four out of four glioma cell lines. The same was true for HIF1α and Ki67, a well-known marker of cell proliferation. Additional analysis revealed that only two out of four studied cell lines possessed CD133+ GSCs that expressed MGMT, a DNA repair protein. (b) Hypoxyprobe staining identifying hypoxic areas within GBM43 brain tumors. TMZ-treated tumors presented more hypoxic regions than the non-treated group. Fluorescent images were captured using the × 10 and × 40 objectives. Error bars denote S.E.M. P: ns (P>0.05), *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, one-way analysis of variance