Table 3.
Adjusted Percent Change in Biomarkers by Baseline Quintiles of Serum Wet-Weight Organochlorine Pesticides at 2 Follow-up Visits in the Russian Children's Study, 2003–2009
| Metabolic Biomarker, by Quintile of Serum OCP Level | Serum OCPs |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCB, pg/ga |
β-HCH, pg/gb |
p,p′-DDE, pg/gc |
|||||||
| % Changed | 95% CI | P Valuee | % Changed | 95% CI | P Valuee | % Changed | 95% CI | P Valuee | |
| Leptin (n = 599)f,g | |||||||||
| First quintile | Referent | Referent | Referent | ||||||
| Second quintile | 1.8 | −24.7, 37.5 | 0.91 | −2.3 | −28.5, 33.6 | 0.89 | −39.2 | −55.3, −17.3 | 0.002 |
| Third quintile | −37.3 | −54.1, −14.3 | 0.003 | −44.4 | −58.5, −26.6 | <0.001 | −43.8 | −57.7, −25.4 | <0.001 |
| Fourth quintile | −43.4 | −57.7, −24.3 | <0.001 | −53.5 | −65.6, −37.0 | <0.001 | −49.7 | −62.5, −32.4 | <0.001 |
| Fifth quintile | −46.2 | −59.9, −27.3 | <0.001 | −50.6 | −63.6, −33.1 | <0.001 | −61.8 | −71.7, −48.4 | <0.001 |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Insulin (n = 602)f,h | |||||||||
| First quintile | Referent | Referent | Referent | ||||||
| Second quintile | 10.1 | −7.9, 31.7 | 0.29 | −10.5 | −27.0, 9.7 | 0.29 | −10.6 | −26.3, 8.5 | 0.26 |
| Third quintile | 10.2 | −10.3, 35.5 | 0.35 | −25.5 | −38.8, −9.4 | 0.003 | −15.3 | −30.7, 3.4 | 0.10 |
| Fourth quintile | −8.9 | −24.1, 9.2 | 0.31 | −33.2 | −45.1, −18.6 | <0.001 | −8.0 | −24.9, 12.6 | 0.42 |
| Fifth quintile | 2.8 | −16.5, 26.5 | 0.80 | −19.0 | −33.9, −0.7 | 0.04 | −23.1 | −36.4, −7.0 | 0.006 |
| P for trend | 0.53 | 0.002 | 0.02 | ||||||
| HOMA-IR (n = 602)f,h | |||||||||
| First quintile | Referent | Referent | Referent | ||||||
| Second quintile | 9.5 | −9.1, 31.8 | 0.34 | −12.3 | −29.2, 8.5 | 0.23 | −8.8 | −25.5, 11.8 | 0.38 |
| Third quintile | 10.5 | −11.0, 37.1 | 0.37 | −26.6 | −40.2, −9.8 | 0.003 | −13.4 | −29.8, 6.8 | 0.18 |
| Fourth quintile | −8.4 | −24.4, 10.9 | 0.37 | −34.7 | −46.8, −19.7 | <0.001 | −5.9 | −24.0, 16.7 | 0.58 |
| Fifth quintile | 1.9 | −17.7, 26.0 | 0.87 | −20.8 | −36.1, −1.9 | 0.03 | −22.3 | −36.2, −5.4 | 0.01 |
| P for trend | 0.53 | 0.002 | 0.04 | ||||||
Abbreviations: β-HCH, β-hexachlorocyclohexane; CI, confidence interval; HCB, hexachlorobenzene; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; OCP, organochlorine pesticide; p,p′-DDE, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene.
a HCB quintiles: first, 169–462 pg/g; second, 463–655 pg/g; third, 656–906 pg/g; fourth 910–1,284 pg/g; fifth, 1,295–15,482 pg/g.
b β-HCH quintiles: first, 209–518 pg/g; second, 519–690 pg/g; third, 691–982 pg/g; fourth, 985–1,460 pg/g; fifth, 1,461–13,733 pg/g.
c p,p′-DDE quintiles: first, 261–818 pg/g; second, 832–1,199 pg/g; third, 1,203–1,716 pg/g; fourth, 1,720–2,659 pg/g; fifth, 2,683–41,302 pg/g.
d Adjusted percent change = [exp(β) − 1] × 100, reflecting percent change in biomarker for each quintile versus the lowest quintile.
e P values (2-sided) were based on the Wald test.
f n represents number of observations.
g Generalized estimating equations for repeated measures regression model adjusted for baseline total serum lipids, testicular volume ≥15 mL, ordinal tertiles of dietary total calories, and percent dietary fat.
h Generalized estimating equations for repeated measures regression model adjusted for baseline total serum lipids, age, and percent dietary fat.