Table 4.
Adjusted Percent Change in Biomarkers by Baseline Quintiles of Serum Wet-Weight Organochlorine Pesticides at 2 Follow-up Visits in the Russian Children's Study, 2003–2009, With Additional Adjustment for Body Mass Indexa z Score
| Metabolic Biomarker, by Quintile of Serum OCP Level | Serum OCPs |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCB, pg/gb |
β-HCH, pg/gc |
p,p′-DDE, pg/gd |
|||||||
| % Changee | 95% CI | P Valuef | % Changee | 95% CI | P Valuef | % Changee | 95% CI | P Valuef | |
| Leptin (n = 599)g,h | |||||||||
| First quintile | Referent | Referent | Referent | ||||||
| Second quintile | 20.4 | 2.3, 41.6 | 0.03 | 8.4 | −8.1, 27.7 | 0.34 | −10.6 | −23.7, 4.7 | 0.16 |
| Third quintile | 8.3 | −9.9, 30.1 | 0.39 | −3.7 | −18.8, 14.3 | 0.67 | −12.4 | −25.0, 2.4 | 0.10 |
| Fourth quintile | −0.3 | −15.9, 18.3 | 0.98 | −8.2 | −23.2, 9.7 | 0.35 | −16.2 | −29.5, −0.4 | 0.05 |
| Fifth quintile | −1.3 | −16.8, 17.1 | 0.88 | −3.3 | −18.6, 14.9 | 0.70 | −22.2 | −34.9, −7.1 | 0.006 |
| P for trend | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.007 | ||||||
| Insulin (n = 602)g,i | |||||||||
| First quintile | Referent | Referent | Referent | ||||||
| Second quintile | 17.6 | 1.4, 36.3 | 0.03 | −7.8 | −22.8, 10.1 | 0.37 | 1.6 | −13.7, 19.6 | 0.85 |
| Third quintile | 35.3 | 12.7, 62.4 | 0.001 | −11.4 | −25.7, 5.6 | 0.18 | −1.5 | −17.2, 17.2 | 0.87 |
| Fourth quintile | 12.8 | −4.1, 32.7 | 0.15 | −16.7 | −30.6, −0.1 | 0.05 | −9.0 | −9.0, 30.5 | 0.35 |
| Fifth quintile | 29.0 | 7.4, 54.9 | 0.006 | 0.7 | −16.3, 21.2 | 0.94 | −2.2 | −17.5, 16.0 | 0.80 |
| P for trend | 0.03 | 0.76 | 0.89 | ||||||
| HOMA-IR (n = 602)g,i | |||||||||
| First quintile | Referent | Referent | Referent | ||||||
| Second quintile | 17.2 | 0.04, 36.7 | 0.04 | −9.6 | −25.0, 9.0 | 0.29 | 4.5 | −11.9, 23.9 | 0.62 |
| Third quintile | 37.0 | 12.9, 66.1 | 0.001 | −11.9 | −26.8, 6.0 | 0.18 | 1.8 | −15.2, 22.1 | 0.85 |
| Fourth quintile | 14.6 | −3.6, 36.2 | 0.12 | −17.8 | −32.2, 0.3 | 0.03 | 12.8 | −6.7, 36.3 | 0.21 |
| Fifth quintile | 29.3 | 7.1, 56.2 | 0.008 | −0.6 | −18.2, 20.7 | 0.95 | 0.02 | −15.9, 19.5 | 0.98 |
| P for trend | 0.03 | 0.70 | 0.70 | ||||||
Abbreviations: β-HCH, β-hexachlorocyclohexane; CI, confidence interval; HCB, hexachlorobenzene; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; OCP, organochlorine pesticide; p,p′-DDE, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene.
a Weight (kg)/height (m)2.
b HCB quintiles: first, 169–462 pg/g; second, 463–655 pg/g; third, 656–906 pg/g; fourth, 910–1,284 pg/g; fifth, 1,295–15,482 pg/g.
c β-HCH quintiles: first, 209–518 pg/g; second, 519–690 pg/g; third, 691–982 pg/g; fourth, 985–1,460 pg/g; fifth, 1,461–13,733 pg/g.
d p,p′-DDE quintiles: first, 261–818 pg/g; second, 832–1,199 pg/g; third, 1,203–1,716 pg/g; fourth, 1,720–2,659 pg/g; fifth 2,683–41,302 pg/g.
e Adjusted percent change = [exp(β) − 1] × 100, reflecting percent change in biomarker for each quintile versus the lowest quintile.
f P values (2-sided) were based on the Wald test.
g n represents number of observations.
h Generalized estimating equations for repeated measures regression model adjusted for baseline total serum lipids, testicular volume ≥15 mL, ordinal tertiles of dietary total calories, percent dietary fat, and World Health Organization body mass index z score (21).
i Generalized estimating equations for repeated measures regression model adjusted for baseline total serum lipids, age, percent dietary fat, and body mass index z score.