Table 4. Characteristics of the three clusters and the total sample (categorical variables).
| Variable | LPAHSB cluster (n = 575) | HPALSB cluster (n = 1,002) | LPALSB cluster (n = 2,140) | Total (n = 3,717) |
| Male *** | 335 (58.3%) | 644 (64.3%) | 728 (34.0%) | 1,707 (45.9%) |
| Parent-in-home had bachelor degree or above (Wave I, 1994–1995) | 114 (22.1%) (n = 516) | 314 (34.7%) (n = 904) | 481 (25.4%) (n = 1,897) | 909 (27.4%) (n = 3,317) |
| Current smoker (Wave I, 1994–1995)*** | 109 (22.4%) (n = 486) | 107 (12.3%) (n = 868) | 440 (23.7%) (n = 1,857) | 656 (20.4%) (n = 3,211) |
| Binge drinker (Wave I, 1994–1995)** | 137 (24.1%) (n = 569) | 185 (18.6%) (n = 994) | 520 (24.5%) (n = 2,119) | 842 (22.9%) (n = 3,682) |
| Current smoker (Wave II, 1996)*** | 130 (22.7%) (n = 572) | 134 (13.4%) (n = 997) | 454 (21.4%) (n = 2,126) | 718 (19.4%) (n = 3,695) |
| Binge drinker (Wave II, 1996) | 154 (27.2%) (n = 567) | 260 (26.3%) (n = 990) | 605 (28.6%) (n = 2,115) | 1,019 (27.8%) (n = 3,672) |
| Current smoker (Wave III, 2001–2002)*** | 230 (50.7%) (n = 493) | 349 (40.8%) (n = 855) | 880 (47.5%) (n = 1,853) | 1,479 (46.2%) (n = 3,201) |
| Binge drinker (Wave III, 2001–2002)*** | 273 (48.1%) (n = 567) | 608 (61.6%) (n = 987) | 988 (47.0%) (n = 2,102) | 1,869 (51.1%) (n = 3,656) |
| Overweight (BMI ≥25, Wave III, 2001–2002)*** | 300 (55.8%) (n = 538) | 445 (46.2%) (n = 964) | 948 (46.5%) (n = 2,037) | 1,693 (47.8%) (n = 3,539) |
| Overweight (Wave IV, 2008)*** | 362 (75.3%) (n = 481) | 546 (63.0%) (n = 866) | 1,209 (65.4%) (n = 1,850) | 2,117 (66.2%) (n = 3,197) |
| Indication of diabetes by parent (Wave I, 1994–1995) | 4 (0.8%) (n = 522) | 0 (0.0%) (n = 913) | 10 (0.5%) (n = 1,917) | 14 (0.4%) (n = 3,352) |
| Self-reported diabetes (Wave III, 2001) | 9 (1.6%) | 4 (0.4%) | 24 (1.1%) | 37 (1.0%) |
| Anti-diabetic medication use (Wave IV, 2008)** | 10 (2.1%) (n = 487) | 2 (0.2%) (n = 877) | 34 (1.8%) (n = 1,874) | 46 (1.4%) (n = 3,238) |
| Evidence of diabetes (Wave IV, 2008)*** | 54 (11.1%) (n = 487) | 36 (4.1%) (n = 877) | 122 (6.5%) (n = 1,874) | 212 (6.5%) (n = 3,238) |
| Diabetes (father) (Wave I, 1994–1995) | 26 (5.1%) (n = 505) | 37 (4.1%) (n = 899) | 72 (3.9%) (n = 1,866) | 135 (4.1%) (n = 3,270) |
| Diabetes (mother) (Wave I, 1994–1995)* | 38 (8.1%) (n = 469) | 39 (4.5%) (n = 868) | 89 (5.0%) (n = 1,785) | 166 (5.3%) (n = 3,122) |
Data are presented in frequency (percentage).
LPAHSB: low physical activity high sedentary behavior; HPALSB: high physical activity low sedentary behavior; LPALSB: low physical activity low sedentary behavior.
Binge drinker defined as drinking five or more drinks in a row over the past 12 months. Evidence of diabetes at Wave IV included fasting glucose ≥7.0 mg/dL, non-fasting glucose ≥11.1 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1c ≥48 mmol/mol (or 6.5%), self-reported history of diabetes, or reported taking anti-diabetic medication.
*/**/***χ2 test significant at 0.05/0.01/0.001 level.