Fig. 1.

Schematic illustration of mTOR-related cell signaling. AKT serine/threonine protein kinase, AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase, FKBP12 12 kDa FK506-binding protein, eIF4E eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, 4E-BP eIF4E binding protein, MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, MEK mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, mTORC1 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, mTORC2 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2, NF1 neurofibromin, PDK phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase, PI3 K phosphoinositide-3-kinase, PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog, Ras G protein Ras, Rheb Ras homologue enriched in brain, S6 K S6 kinase, S6 ribosomal protein S6, TSC1 tuberous sclerosis protein 1, TSC2 tuberous sclerosis protein 2. Modified with permission from [79]