. 2014 Jul 12;71(22):4325–4346. doi: 10.1007/s00018-014-1677-1

Table 4.

Cardiological findings

Assay	Aging phenotype	Intervention	Strain, sex	Treatment effects in aged mice	Treatment effects in young mice	References
Echocardiography	Changes in heart dimensions	Aging cohorts: oral rapamycin (14 ppm) for approx. 1 year starting at 4 months or 13 months of age; young animals: oral rapamycin (14 ppm) for 3 months starting at 12 weeks of age	Male C57BL/6J Rj	Reduced heart dimensions (LVIDd, LVIDs) and heart weight	Reduced heart dimensions (LVPWs) and heart weight	[13]
Echocardiography	Alterations in functional measures, such as cardiac output, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, as well as blood flow measurements and pressure gradients across heart valves		Male C57BL/6J Rj	No measurable effects	Not examined	[13]
Echocardiography	Changes in heart dimensions	Oral rapamycin (14 ppm) for 3 months started at 24 months of age	Female C57BL/6J	Reduced heart dimensions (LVSd, LVIDd, LVIDs, LVESV, LVEDV, LV mass) and heart weight	Not examined	[19]
Echocardiography	Functional measures: ejection fraction, fractional shortening; speckle-tracking strain analysis		Female C57BL/6J	Increases in these functional measures	Not examined	[19]