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. 2014 Aug 25;14(9):15714–15728. doi: 10.3390/s140915714

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Figure 3. — The typical electrochemical impedance spectra of: (a) bare gold electrode; (b) 1,6-HDT modified electrode; (c) GCP/1,6-HDT; (d) Fab'/GCP/1,6-HDT modified electrode; (e) BSA/Fab'/GCP/1,6-HDT modified electrode. Solution composition: 1 mM K₃[Fe(CN)₆]/K₄[Fe(CN)₆], 0.1 M PBS pH 7.4. The measuring conditions: three electrode configurations—Au working electrode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and Pt counter electrode; a bias potential of 0.17 V; the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz. Inset: circuit models used for fitting Nyquist plots for: (A) Curves b and e, (B) Curves c and d. R_s—solution resistance, R_et—electron transfer resistance and CPE—constant phase element, W—Warburg.