. 2014 Aug 6;11(97):20140273. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0273

Table 2.

Summary of seta area, adhesion and shear attachment performance. A_ST, single seta area; F_a, F_s, adhesive and shear forces produced by a single seta, respectively; BW, body weight, calculated as body mass (M_B) × gravitational acceleration (g) and has unit of mN in this study. *p-values of t-test comparing between circular and spatula setae.

species (seta type)	seta area		adhesion				shear
species (seta type)	A_ST^a (mm²)	ΣA_ST^b (mm²)	preload^c (mN)	F_a/A_ST^c (kPa)	ΣF_a^d (mN)	ΣF_a/BW	preload^e (mN)	F_s/A_ST^e (kPa)	ΣF_s^d (mN)	ΣF_s/BW
H. pacificus (circular)	0.067 ± 0.079 (0.020∼0.240)	2.960 ± 0.512	1.15 ± 0.76	55 ± 17	∼160	∼60	0.69 ± 0.25	30 ± 5.3	∼90	∼35
C. rugosus (spatula)	0.058 ± 0.009	9.889 ± 1.347	0.73 ± 0.31	54 ± 21	∼530	∼25	d: 0.78 ± 0.21 p: 0.74 ± 0.33 l: 0.75 ± 0.32	9.7 ± 4.2 5.2 ± 3.7 10 ± 5.4	∼95 ∼50 ∼100	∼5 ∼2.5 ∼5
p*			<0.001	0.90			0.40	<0.001

^aCalculated from all setae on one palette of each species (n = 2 for H. pacificus; n = 6 for C. rugosus).

^bΣA_ST is the total seta area from two palettes, calculated as twice the sum of all A_ST from one palette.

^cObtained from data shown in figure 4a.

^dEstimated total forces: ΣF_a = F_a/A_ST × ΣA_ST; ΣF_s = F_s/A_ST × ΣA_ST.

^eObtained from data shown in figure 4c.