Table 4. Effect estimates of health status on well-being using structural equation models, Finland, Poland and Spain, 2011–2012.
| Variable | All countries |
Finland |
Poland |
Spain |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect, B coefficient (SE) | Effect size, β coefficient | R2 | Effect, B coefficient (SE) | Effect size, β coefficient | R2 | Effect, B coefficient (SE) | Effect size, β coefficient | R2 | Effect, B coefficient (SE) | Effect size, β coefficient | R2 | ||||
| Well-being | |||||||||||||||
| Evaluative well-being | 1.00 (0.00) | 0.43*** | 0.19 | 1.00 (0.00) | 0.13** | 0.02 | 1.00 (0.00) | 0.33*** | 0.11 | 1.00 (0.00) | 0.38*** | 0.15 | |||
| Positive affect | 1.11 (0.21) | 0.63*** | 0.40 | 4.50 (1.52) | 0.72*** | 0.51 | 1.74 (0.27) | 0.61*** | 0.38 | 1.29 (0.11) | 0.75*** | 0.57 | |||
| Negative affecta | 0.72 (0.14) | 0.63*** | 0.40 | 2.31 (1.87) | 0.73*** | 0.53 | 1.16 (0.22) | 0.72*** | 0.51 | 1.06 (0.10) | 0.73*** | 0.53 | |||
| Health status | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.42*** | NA | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.33*** | NA | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.40*** | NA | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.28*** | NA | |||
| Covariateb | |||||||||||||||
| Age | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.23*** | NA | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.38*** | NA | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.15*** | NA | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.20*** | NA | |||
| Sex | −0.03 (0.03) | −0.02 | NA | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.01 | NA | −0.04 (0.04) | −0.04 | NA | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.02 | NA | |||
| Married or in partnership | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.01 | NA | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 | NA | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.05 | NA | −0.04 (0.03) | −0.03 | NA | |||
| Years of education | −0.02 (0.00) | −0.13*** | NA | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.09* | NA | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.10* | NA | −0.01 (0.00) | −0.12*** | NA | |||
| Residential setting | 0.00 (0.03) | 0.00 | NA | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.05 | NA | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.03 | NA | −0.14 (0.05) | −0.08** | NA | |||
| Occupation | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.04* | NA | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.03 | NA | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.06 | NA | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 | NA | |||
| Income | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.05* | NA | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.01 | NA | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.03 | NA | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.05* | NA | |||
| Depression | −0.41 (0.08) | −0.17*** | NA | −0.00 (0.03) | −0.01 | NA | −0.40 (0.09) | −0.20*** | NA | −0.34 (0.08) | −0.20*** | NA | |||
| Cognitive functioning | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.16*** | NA | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.04 | NA | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.08* | NA | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.14*** | NA | |||
NA: not applicable; R2: relationship between evaluative well-being, positive affect and negative affect of the well-being construct and the whole well-being construct; SE: standard error. ; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.
a The sign for negative affect was changed so that variables in a same construct had the same direction.
b The reference category for categorical variables was the same as in the regression analysis.
Note: Weighted data. Controlled for covariates.