Table 1. Survey characteristics, outcome variables and missing data, in eight eastern European countries, 2010–2013.
| Characteristic | Study country |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Albania | Latvia | Lithuania | Montenegro | Romania | Russian Federation | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | Turkey | |
| Survey dates | February 2012–March 2012 | October 2010–March 2011 | May 2010–June 2010 | October 2012–December 2012 | May 2012–June 2012 | June 2012–December 2012 | March 2010 | June 2012–April 2013 | |
| Survey setting | Universities | Secondary and vocational schools | Universities and colleges | Universities | Universities | Secondary schools, vocational academies and universities | Secondary schools and universities | Universities | |
| Sampling | Selected universities stratified by academic year. Random class selection | Locations opportunistic, stratification by school type, study language and gender | Random sample of institutes. Opportunistic sample of students | Universities, sample stratified by faculty and then gender | Sample weighted by regional population, random selection of institutions then students in regions | Random sample of schools. Random selection of institutes then students in regions | Random sample of schools then classrooms. Universities random class selection | Selected universities, random sample of faculties and then students | |
| Compliance, % | 96 | 75–100a | 75–100a | 98 | 92 | 86 | 90 | 89 | |
| Age, years | 18–38 | 17–25 | 18–39 | 18–50 | 14–66 | 13–41 | 17–45 | 18–41 | |
| Cities or areas sampled | Tirana, Vlora, Shkodra and Elbasan | Riga, Liepaja, Jelgava, Cesis, Daugavpils | Vilnius, Kaunas, Panevėžys, Šiauliai, Klaipėda | Podgorica, Bar, Budva, Kotor, Igalo, Nikšić, Bijelo Polje | Bucharest, Central, North-East, North-West, West, South-East, South-West region | Moscow, Volgograd, Republic of Tuva, Republic of Buryatia, Khabarovsk | Skopje, Bitola, Tetovo, Struga, Štip, Gostivar | Ankara, Antalya, Izmir, Trabzon, Van | |
| No. of respondents | 13 173 | 1 437 | 1 223 | 1 746 | 1 565 | 2 088 | 1 580 | 1 277 | 2 257 |
| No. (%) of respondents aged 18–25 years |
12 308 |
1 395 |
1 190 |
1 726 |
1 501 |
1 655 |
1 403 |
1 227 |
2 211 |
| Missing data: events, no. (%) | |||||||||
| Physical abuse | 106 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 10 (0.8) | 30 (1.7) | 25 (1.7) | 11 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.3) | 26 (1.2) |
| Problematic alcohol use by household member | 104 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 16 (1.3) | 15 (0.9) | 51 (3.4) | 8 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.3) | 10 (0.5) |
| Domestic violence towards mother | 133 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.4) | 49 (2.8) | 33 (2.2) | 18 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 6 (0.5) | 22 (1.0) |
| Parents separated or divorced | 89 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 10 (0.8) | 30 (1.7) | 24 (1.6) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 8 (0.7) | 13 (0.6) |
| Emotional neglect | 401 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 23 (1.9) | 111 (6.4) | 123 (8.2) | 30 (1.8) | 2 (0.1) | 10 (0.8) | 104 (4.7) |
| Depressed or suicidal household member | 55 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.3) | 19 (1.1) | 22 (1.5) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) |
| Emotional abuse | 262 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 8 (0.7) | 48 (2.8) | 162 (10.8) | 10 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 11 (0.9) | 23 (1.0) |
| Sexual abuse | 1 072 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 140 (11.8) | 255 (14.8) | 248 (16.5) | 86 (5.2) | 0 (0) | 17 (1.4) | 326 (14.7) |
| Household member incarcerated | 74 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 7 (0.6) | 23 (1.3) | 27 (1.8) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.3) | 8 (0.4) |
| Drug abuse by household member | 129 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 20 (1.7) | 25 (1.4) | 67 (4.5) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.4) | 7 (0.3) |
| Answering all ACE questions | 10 696 (86.9) | 1 395 (100.0) | 1 003 (84.3) | 1 361 (78.9) | 1 046 (69.7) | 1 527 (92.3) | 1 401 (99.9) | 1 200 (97.8) | 1 763 (79.7) |
| Missing data: behaviour, no. (%) | |||||||||
| Smoker | 93 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 8 (0.8) | 36 (2.6) | 17 (1.6) | 26 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.3) |
| Physical inactivity | 57 (0.5) | NA | 43 (4.3) | 2 (0.1) | 4 (0.4) | 8 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
| Five or more sexual partners | 435 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 132 (13.2) | 114 (8.4) | 101 (9.7) | 81 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 7 (0.6) | NA |
| Sexual intercourse at age of less than 16 years | 268 (2.5) | 3 (0.2) | 77 (7.7) | 84 (6.2) | 58 (5.5) | 44 (2.9) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | NA |
| Drug abuse | 92 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 9 (0.9) | 9 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.2) | 68 (3.9) |
| Problematic use of alcohol | 82 (0.8) | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0.0) | 8 (0.8) | 7 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 67 (3.8) |
| Attempted suicide | 44 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 7 (0.7) | 17 (1.2) | 5 (0.5) | 15 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
ACE: advanced childhood experience; NA: not available.
a Range provided by national coordinators.