. 2014 Nov 1;30(11):1017–1022. doi: 10.1089/aid.2014.0040

Table 1.

Overview of HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trials Performed to Date

Trial Name	VAX 004^a	VAX 003^b	HVTN 502 (STEP)^c	HVTN 503 (Phambili)^d	RV144^e	HVTN 505^f
Year	1998–2002	1999–2003	2004–2007	2006–2007	2003–2009	2009–2013
Vaccine approach	Recombinant gp120 protein (AIDSVAX B/B)	Recombinant gp120 protein (AIDSVAX B/E)	Adenovirus serotype 5 vector (MRKAd5 HIV-1)		Pox prime (ALVAC-HIV) Recombinant gp120 protein boost (AIDSVAX B/E)	DNA prime (VRC-HIVDNA016-00-VP) Adenovirus serotype 5 boost (VRC-HIVADV014-00-VP)
Population	Men who have sex with men and women at high risk for heterosexual transmission of HIV-1	Injection drug users	Men who have sex with men and women at high risk for heterosexual transmission of HIV-1	Heterosexual community-based	Heterosexual community-based	Ad5 negative, circumcised men who have sex with men and transgender women
Age eligibility	18–60 years	20–60 years	18–45 years	18–35 years	18–30 years	18–50 years
Location	North America, the Netherlands, and Puerto Rico	Bangkok, Thailand	North America, the Caribbean, South America, and Australia	South Africa	Rayong and Chon Buri Provinces, Thailand	United States

^{^a}

The rgp120 HIV Vaccine Study Group: placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of a recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 2005;191:654–665.

^{^b}

Pitisuttithum P, et al.: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of a bivalent recombinant glycoprotein 120 HIV-1 vaccine among injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. J Infect Dis 2006;194:1661–1671.

^{^c}

Buchbinder SP, et al.: Efficacy assessment of a cell-mediated immunity HIV-1 vaccine (the Step Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, test-of-concept trial. Lancet 2008;372:1881–1893.

^{^d}

Gray G, et al.: Safety and efficacy assessment of the HVTN 503/Phambili Study: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled test-of-concept study of a clade B-based HIV-1 vaccine in South Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11:507–515.

^{^e}

Rerks-Ngarm S, et al.: Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2209–2220.

^{^f}

Hammer, SM, et al.: Efficacy trial of a DNA/rAd5 HIV-1 preventive vaccine. N Engl J Med 2013;369(22):2083–2092.