Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants.
| Characteristics | BD (N = 30) | HC (N = 35) | Statistics | p-value |
| Gender (Female/Male) | 17/13 | 20/15 | χ2 = 0.34 | 0.853 |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 40.83 (9.43) | 41.94 (8.36) | T(65) = 0.5 | 0.62 |
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 14.97 (2.58) | 14.89 (2.31) | T(65) = 0.6 | 0.54 |
| Current Symptoms, [range], mean (SD) | ||||
| YMRSa Score | [0–5] 1.3 (1.6) | [0–2] 0.11 (0.40) | T(65) = 3.9 | 0.00 |
| BDIb Score | [0–20] 6.7 (5.94) | [0–12] 1.26 (2.44) | T(65) = 5.5 | 0.00 |
| HAM-Dc Score | [0–5] 0.83 (1.17) | [0–2] 0.14 (0.43) | T(65) = 3.2 | 0.02 |
| History of illness | ||||
| No. of past depressive episodes, mean (SD) | 3.63 (3.12) | |||
| No. of past manic episodes, mean (SD) | 2.66 (2.48) | |||
| Age at illness onset, years, mean (SD) | 23.73 (9.51) | |||
| Time in remission, years, mean (SD) | 3.08 (3.44) | |||
| Medication load, mean (SD) | 3.10 (2.35) | |||
| History of psychotic symptoms (Yes/No) | 13/17 | |||
a
YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale,
b
BDI = Beck Depression Inventory,
c
HAM-D = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.