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. 2014 Sep-Oct;49(5):624–631. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.85

Table 4.

Total Fluid, Energy, and Electrolytes Cyclists Consumed on 3 Consecutive Days^a

Dietary Component	Group	All Meals on Day −1	Event Day			All Meals on Day +1
Dietary Component	Group	All Meals on Day −1	Early Morning, Before Event	During 164-km Ride	After Event	All Meals on Day +1
Total fluid intake, mL^b	D_TT	5005 ± 1999	761 ± 834	5630 ± 2585	2114 ± 802	3127 ± 1526^c
Total fluid intake, mL^b	D_AL	6025 ± 2742	853 ± 573	6041 ± 2371	2949 ± 981	5137 ± 1860^c
Total energy intake
MJ	D_TT	9.7 ± 1.8^d	2.8 ± 1.4	6.7 ± 3.4	7.3 ± 2.0	10.0 ± 3.0
MJ	D_AL	13.2 ± 2.4^d	3.0 ± 1.1	6.7 ± 3.2	9.2 ± 3.2	12.8 ± 4.3
Kcal	D_TT	2324 ± 438^d	660 ± 323	1608 ± 803	1729 ± 440	2390 ± 719
Kcal	D_AL	3157 ± 568^d	676 ± 287	1598 ± 761	2199 ± 773	3059 ± 1035
Carbohydrate, g	D_TT	343 ± 82	99 ± 61	346 ± 189	186 ± 63	279 ± 80
Carbohydrate, g	D_AL	380 ± 114	112 ± 42	315 ± 145	203 ± 82	349 ± 128
Sodium, mg	D_TT	3465 ± 1228^e	687 ± 316	2841 ± 1520	2489 ± 1221	3057 ± 1185
Sodium, mg	D_AL	5218 ± 1248^e	762 ± 406	4579 ± 2841	2756 ± 1281	4299 ± 1591
Potassium, mg	D_TT	1804 ± 673^f	978 ± 692	1836 ± 1118	1752 ± 907	2401 ± 973
Potassium, mg	D_AL	3320 ± 971^f	1312 ± 863	1391 ± 963	2273 ± 1445	3314 ± 1430

Abbreviations: D_AL, drink ad libitum group; D_TT, drink to thirst group.

^{^a}

Computed using commercial nutrition analysis software (see Methods section).

^{^b}

Total fluid consumed as water, beverages, and in solid foods.

^{^c}

Between-groups difference (t₁₈ = 2.59, P = .019).

^{^d}

Between-groups difference (t₁₈ = 3.71, P = .002).

^{^e}

Between-groups difference (t₁₈ = 3.15, P = .005).

^{^f}

Between-groups difference (t₁₈ = 4.12, P < .001).