Table 3.
Eicasanoids Levels in Normal Mucosa in Participants at Increased Risk for Colorectal Cancer [Mean (SD)*]
| Placebo (n = 10) |
Ginger (n = 10) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eicosanoid | Baseline | After 28 d | Mean % changeb | Baseline | After 28 d | Mean % changeb | P-valuea |
| Standardized to protein (pg/μg) | |||||||
| PGE2 | 12.9 (15.2) | 12.8 (16.8) | 37.0 (113.4) | 10.6 (10.5) | 23.6 (21.2) | 333.5 (773.6) | 0.26 |
| LTB4 | 2.9 (1.7) | 2.6 (2.1) | −4.7 (54.9) | 2.4 (1.9) | 3.5 (2.3) | 54.0 (63.2) | 0.04 |
| HETE5 | 8.9 (8.0) | 9.0 (8.0) | 39.1 (108.9) | 3.7 (2.0) | 15.2 (14.0) | 412.1 (755.6) | 0.16 |
| HETE12 | 3.2 (2.2) | 5.1 (5.5) | 59.4 (149.1) | 2.2 (1.3) | 4.5 (4.4) | 101.7 (196.1) | 0.60 |
| HETE15 | 14.7 (17.7) | 11.1 (9.8) | 82.1 (189.5) | 5.5 (5.6) | 20.6 (18.8) | 602.5 (1047.8) | 0.16 |
| HODE13 | 41.4 (50.8) | 30.9 (22.0) | 27.7 (105.2) | 53.0 (100.1) | 35.0 (32.6) | 55.7 (122.4) | 0.59 |
| AA (ng/pg)c | 1.0 (1.3) | 1.4 (1.4) | 229.4 (413.7) | 1.6 (1.1) | 0.7 (0.4) | −44.2 (41.5) | 0.05 |
| Standardized to arachidonic acid (ng/μg) | |||||||
| PGE2 | 1.7 (1.4) | 3.70 (8.4) | 147.6 (368.7) | 1.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (2.9) | 1149.2 (3194.5) | 0.17 |
| LTB4 | 0.7 (1.0) | 0.34 (0.3) | 84.3 (205.9) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.4) | 173.8 (248.9) | 0.27 |
| HETE5 | 3.4 (6.9) | 1.72 (2.5) | 362.7 (718.9) | 0.4 (0.3) | 2.4 (3.7) | 1079.6 (2297.0) | 0.15 |
| HETE12 | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.57 (0.5) | 247.1 (598.9) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.7) | 279.2 (487.4) | 0.38 |
| HETE15 | 3.3 (4.1) | 2.00 (3.2) | 290.6 (545.8) | 0.5 (0.5) | 3.2 (5.2) | 1406.3 (2993.3) | 0.13 |
| HODE13 | 6.8 (10.9) | 4.98 (6.3) | 140.5 (453.7) | 3.1 (3.4) | 4.4 (4.5) | 114.1 (164.02) | 0.23 |
*
SD,±standard deviation.
a
independent t-test of the difference between the mean percent change from baseline to Day 28.
b
Mean percent change between baseline and Week 4 is calculated as [(eicosanoid at time 2/eicosanoid at time 1)/eicosanoid at time 1)] per participant and then an average is obtained. Mean percent change may not appear reflective of change in baseline and 28-d follow-up mean values. This is due to the large amount of variability in the baseline measures.
c
AA, arachidonic acid; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, 5-, 12- & 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoicacid; 13-HODE, 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids.