Table 3. HDI scores by covariate categories.
| Covariate1 | Category | Mean HDI score (SD) | p-value (crude) | p-value (adjusted)2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort3 | Czech | 55.8 (8.0) | ref. | ref. |
| Polish | 49.8 (7.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Russian | 57.3 (9.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Sex4 | Males | 52.7 (8.5) | ||
| Females | 55.7 (8.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Age groups5 | <50 years | 53.6 (8.4) | ||
| 50-54 years | 53.7 (8.6) | |||
| 55-59 years | 54.2 (8.8) | |||
| 60-64 years | 54.8 (9.0) | |||
| 65+ years | 55.7 (9.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Marital status4 | Single/divorced/widowed | 55.5 (9.4) | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 53.9 (8.6) | <0.001 | 0.433 | |
| Household | Low | 55.8 (9.6) | ||
| amenities score5 | Moderate | 54.3 (8.8) | ||
| High | 53.3 (8.2) | <0.001 | 0.006 | |
| Education5 | Incomplete/primary | 54.8 (9.3) | ||
| Vocational | 55.0 (8.8) | |||
| Secondary | 54.2 (8.7) | |||
| University | 53.6 (8.8) | <0.001 | 0.003 | |
| Education5 | Low (<8MJ/day) Moderate (8-10MJ/day) | 55.7 (8.9) 54.9 (9.6) | ||
| High (>10MJ/day) | 52.9 (8.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| BMI5 | Low (<25kg/m2) | 53.8 (8.8) | ||
| Moderate (25-30kg/m2) | 54.2 (8.7) | |||
| High (>30kg/m2) | 55.1 (9.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Alcohol intake5 | Abstainers | 54.2 (9.1) | ||
| Moderate drinkers | 54.4 (8.7) | |||
| Heavy drinkers | 53.7 (8.5) | 0.514 | 0.006 | |
| Smoking habits3 | No smoker | 55.6 (9.0) | ref. | ref. |
| Ex-smoker | 53.6 (8.4) | <0.001 | 0.772 | |
| Current smoker | 52.8 (8.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Physical activity5 | Inactive | 54.6 (9.1) | ||
| Moderately active | 54.4 (8.7) | |||
| Active | 53.8 (8.2) | 0.006 | 0.810 |
1
Only participants with complete data were included;
2
cohort, sex, age and energy intake adjusted p-values;
3
p-values calculated with multinomial logistic regression;
4
p-values calculated with simple logistic regression;
5
p-values calculated with ordered logistic regression
ref. - reference categoy