Table 5. Hazard ratios of cohort differences in all-cause and CVD mortality with and without adjustment for HDI (n=18 559).

Cause of death	Strata	Cohort	Model 1		Model 2
			HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value	Percentage change in HR1
All-cause	Pooled	Czech	1.0		1.0
		Polish	1.18 (1.01, 1.38)	0.035	1.14 (0.97, 1.34)	0.114	−3.4%
		Russian	1.97 (1.70, 2.27)	<0.001	1.98 (1.71, 2.28)	<0.001	+0.5%
	Males	Czech	1.0		1.0
		Polish	1.06 (0.87, 1.29)	0.559	1.03 (0.84, 1.26)	0.767	−2.8%
		Russian	2.20 (1.85, 2.62)	<0.001	2.20 (1.85, 2.62)	<0.001	0%
	Females	Czech	1.0		1.0
		Polish	1.48 (1.13, 1.92)	0.002	1.41 (1.07, 1.85)	0.015	−4.7%
		Russian	1.51 (1.16, 1.97)	0.004	1.54 (1.18, 2.00)	0.001	+2.0%
CVD	Pooled	Czech	1.0		ref.
		Polish	1.08 (0.81, 1.45)	0.602	1.01 (0.75, 1.36)	0.963	−6.5%
		Russian	2.86 (2.23, 3.67)	<0.001	2.89 (2.25, 3.71)	<0.001	+1.0%
	Males	Czech	1.0		1.0
		Polish	0.83 (0.58, 1.20)	0.319	0.77 (0.53, 1.13)	0.181	−7.2%
		Russian	3.04 (2.27, 4.08)	<0.001	3.05 (2.27, 4.09)	<0.001	+0.3%
	Females	Czech	1.0		1.0
		Polish	1.82 (1.10, 3.02)	0.020	1.72 (1.02, 2.89)	0.042	−5.5%
		Russian	2.42 (1.50, 3.91)	<0.001	2.47 (1.53, 3.99)	<0.001	+2.0%

¹Compared to model 1;

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex

Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, HDI