Table 2.
Clinical characteristics with regard to the presence of Candida in the bile fluid
| No Candida | Candida | Transient Candida | Persistent Candida | Reference value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 120 | 30 | 15 | 15 | |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 32.0 ± 1.1* | 31.0 ± 2.3 | 37.0 ± 3.6 | 27.0 ± 2.9 | |
| Male sex | 87 (72.5) | 21 (70.0) | 9 (60.0) | 12 (80.0) | |
| IBD | 86 (71.7) | 22 (73.3) | 10 (66.7) | 12 (80.0) | |
| Overlap with autoimmune hepatitis | 11 (9.2) | 2 (6.7) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Dominant stenosis | 76 (63.3) | 24 (80.0) | 11 (86.7) | 13 (73.3) | |
| - at first diagnosis | 17 (14.2) | 5 (16.7) | 2 (13.3) | 3 (20.0) | |
| - time from first diagnosis, years | 5.9 ± 5.7 | 5.6 ± 4.5 | 5.6 ± 4.9 | 5.6 ± 4.4 | |
| Number of ERCs per patient | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.7 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | |
| Laboratory parameters at baseline | |||||
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 1.6 | -1.1 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 88.7 ± 10.5 | 118.0 ± 23.2 | 104.6 ± 45.6 | 124 ± 12.8 | -23 |
| AST (IU/L) | 53.9 ± 6.2 | 82.0 ± 18.3 | 90.4 ± 24.4 | 70.0 ± 28.1 | -19 |
| AP (IU/L) | 240.4 ± 23.0 | 266.5 ± 41.6 | 270.0 ± 80.0 | 265.0 ± 24.3 | -175 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 247.5 ± 31.1 | 344.5 ± 67.7a | 448.0 ± 112.9a | 279 ± 62.6 | -60 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 41.0 ± 0.6 | 45.0 ± 1.5 | 41.0 ± 2.7 | 45.0 ± 1.3a | 35-55 |
| Mayo Risk Score | -0.25 ± 0.1 | -0.28 ± 0.3 | 0.04 ± 0.3 | -0.3 ± 0.4 | |
| Clinical outcome | |||||
| Development of CCA | 6 (5.0) | 5 (16.7)a | 4 (26.7)a | 1 (6.7) | |
| Death | 8 (6.7) | 4 (13.3) | 3 (20.0) | 1 (6.7) | |
| OLT | 20 (16.8) | 14 (46.7)a | 5 (33.3) | 9 (60.0)a | |
| Death/OLT | 28 (23.3) | 18 (60.0)a | 8 (53.3) | 10 (66.7)a | |
| Survival free of liver transplantation (years) | 20.1 ± 2.1 | 11.5 ± 2.6a | 17.8 ± 7.3 | 11.1 ± 2.1a | |
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AP, alkaline phosphate; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; ERC, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography; OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation; CCA, cholangiocarcinoma.
*Data are presented as N (%) or mean ± SD.
aSignificantly different from patients without candida (p <0.05).