Table 4.

Comparison of the mRNA and protein expression of Gremlin among groups

Group	n	Relative mRNA expression	Positive protein expression rate	Relative protein expression
A	15	49.83 ± 4.20	3.83% ± 0.88%	0.24 ± 0.06
B	13	80.40 ± 5.46b	38.46% ± 1.70%b	2.81 ± 0.24b
C	15	70.37 ± 4.01bd	29.50% ± 2.64%bd	2.22 ± 0.63bd
D	14	64.86 ± 2.83bdf	20.78% ± 1.60%bdf	1.95 ± 0.26bdf
E	15	55.82 ± 5.39bdfh	17.43% ± 2.02%bdfg	1.65 ± 0.20bdfh

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. A: Normal group; B: Model group; C: Natural recovery group; D: Low dose Danshao Huaxian capsule (DHC) treated group; E: High dose DHC treated group.

^bP < 0.01 vs group A;

^dP < 0.01 vs group B;

^fP < 0.01 vs group C;

^gP < 0.05,

^hP < 0.01 vs group D.