Table 2.
Comparison of patients with and without acute-on-chronic liver failure as per Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of Liver definitions
| Characteristics |
CLIF-SOFA criteria |
APASL criteria |
||||
| No ACLF (n = 12) | ACLF (n = 38) | P value | No ACLF (n = 31) | ACLF (n = 19) | P value | |
| Age (yr) | 53 ± 161 | 44 ± 12 | 0.048 | 50 ± 12 | 41 ± 14 | 0.02 |
| 52 (26-78)3 | 44 (22-70) | 48 (34-78) | 37 (22-70) | |||
| Male gender | 11 (92)2 | 32 (84) | 1.000 | 29 (94) | 14 (33) | 0.089 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 9.6 (2.1-30.6) | 15.5 (0.6-43.0) | 0.195 | 10.7 (0.6-43.0) | 18.0 (5.0-32.6) | 0.029 |
| Total leukocyte count (/mm3) | 9450 (4500-21500) | 10100 (2700-39000) | 1.000 | 9300 (3600-36400) | 11300 (2700-39000) | 0.460 |
| Platelet count (103/mm3) | 85.5 (14.4-151.0) | 91.5 (14.8-444.0) | 0.525 | 72.0 (14.4-444.0) | 110.0 (14.8-382.0) | 0.276 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 0.005 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.6-1.9) | 2.1 (0.5-7.9) | 0.002 | 2.1 (0.5-7.9) | 1.5 (0.5-3.3) | 0.112 |
| Jaundice | 11 (92) | 34 (90) | 1.000 | 26 (84) | 19 (100) | 0.142 |
| Ascites | 8 (67) | 34 (90) | 0.082 | 23 (74) | 19 (100) | 0.018 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 3 (25) | 14 (37) | 0.510 | 13 (42) | 4 (21) | 0.218 |
| Acute gastrointestinal bleed | 2 (17) | 4 (11) | 0.621 | 5 (16) | 1 (5) | 0.387 |
| Organ failures | ||||||
| Liver | 4 (33) | 25 (66) | 0.091 | 14 (45) | 15 (79) | 0.037 |
| Kidney | 0 (0) | 22 (58) | < 0.001 | 16 (52) | 6 (32) | 0.166 |
| Cerebral | 0 (0) | 5 (13) | 0.319 | 4 (13) | 1 (5) | 0.637 |
| Coagulation | 0 (0) | 23 (61) | < 0.001 | 11 (36) | 12 (63) | 0.057 |
| Respiratory | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 1.000 | 2 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.519 |
| Circulation | 1 (8) | 1 (3) | 0.426 | 2 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.519 |
| Prognostic scores | ||||||
| Child-Pugh score | 10.3 ± 1.6 | 11.7 ± 1.6 | 0.014 | 11.0 ± 1.9 | 12.0 ± 1.3 | 0.045 |
| MELD score | 21.8 ± 5.6 | 31.6 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 | 28.5 ± 8.3 | 30.4 ± 6.9 | 0.408 |
| APACHE-II score | 9.5 (4.0-21.0) | 14.0 (6.0-41.0) | 0.019 | 12.0 (4-41) | 14.0 (4-22) | 0.508 |
| CLIF-SOFA score | 7.7 ± 2.3 | 10.6 ± 2.5 | 0.002 | 9.6 ± 2.7 | 10.3 ± 2.7 | 0.356 |
| Mortality | ||||||
| 28-d mortality | 1 (8.3) | 18 (47.4) | 0.018 | 12 (38.7) | 7 (36.8) | 0.895 |
| 90-d mortality | 2 (16.7) | 27 (71.1) | 0.002 | 16 (51.6) | 13 (68.4) | 0.242 |
1
mean ± SD;
2
Number (percentage);
3
Median (range). ACLF: Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; APASL: Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of Liver; CLIF-SOFA: Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; MELD: Model for End-stage Liver Disease.