Fig. 1. Hypermethylation of AATK in human cancers.

A. Structure of the AATK CpG island promoter on chromosome 17 and the AATK protein. Arrows mark transcriptional (+1) start site for AATK. Vertical lines indicate CpGs. The 111 bp PCR product with respective primers and the TaqI site are depicted. The CTCF binding site is shown. The protein tyrosine kinase (PTK domain) of AATK is marked. B. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis of AATK. Bisulfite-treated DNA from the indicated cancer cell lines, human fibroblasts (HF-55) and in vitro methylated DNA (i.v.m.) was amplified, digested with TaqI (+) or mock digested (−) and resolved on 2% gels with a 100 bp marker (M). C. Bisulfite pyrosequence analysis of AATK. The methylation levels of three CpGs of the PCR products were analyzed by pyrosequencing.