Table 3.

Association between environmental factors and CRC in GECCO

Environmental Variables	ORa	95% CI	p-value	pv.het
BMI (per 10 kg/m2)	1.43	1.34–1.53	1.0 ×10−25	3.4 ×10−5
Alcohol 1-28g vs. none	0.90	0.83–0.97	6.9 ×10−3	0.21
Alcohol 28+g vs. none	1.21	1.07–1.37	2.3 ×10−3	0.28
Smoking (ever vs. never)	1.21	1.14–1.29	7.8 ×10−10	0.67
Smoking (per increase in pack-year grouping)b	1.09	1.06–1.11	1.0 ×10−14	0.19
Aspirin Use (yes vs. no during reference year)	0.71	0.67–0.76	8.0 ×10−25	7.2 ×10−4
PMH Use (yes vs. no at referent time)	0.69	0.63–0.76	5.1 ×10−14	0.16
Dietary calcium (per 500 mg/day)c	0.80	0.75–0.85	4.3 ×10−13	0.28
Dietary fiber (per 10 g/day)c	0.83	0.76–0.90	2.0 ×10−5	0.42
Dietary folate (per 500 mcg/day)c	0.70	0.59–0.83	5.3 ×10−5	0.45
Red meat (per serving/day)	1.33	1.23–1.44	7.9 ×10−13	2.9 ×10−6
Red meat (upper vs. lower half)	1.25	1.18–1.34	2.0 ×10−12	3.7 ×10−3
Processed meat (servings/day)	1.48	1.30–1.70	1.0 ×10−8	8.1 ×10−3
Processed meat (upper vs. lower half)	1.21	1.13–1.30	7.1 ×10−8	5.9 ×10−3
Fruit (per 5 servings/day)c	0.82	0.69–0.97	0.02	0.79
Fruit (upper vs. lower half)c	0.83	0.78–0.89	2.5 ×10−8	8.9 ×10−3
Vegetable (per 5 servings/day)c	0.82	0.70–0.95	9.0 ×10−3	0.03
Vegetable (upper vs. lower half)c	0.86	0.80–0.92	2.8 ×10−5	0.15

ABBREVIATION: PMH (post-menopausal hormone); OR (odds ratio)

^aAnalyses adjusted for age, sex, and study center

^bPack-year variable categorized into five groups: never smokers and study-specific quartiles of pack-years smoked

^cAnalyses further adjusted for energy intake where available