A. Compared to healthy control subjects, depressed patients exhibited increased functional connectivity between the sgACC and multiple nodes of the default mode network, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), thalamus, and precuneus. Images depict t statistics for the contrast of patients pre-treatment versus healthy controls.
B. All areas of sgACC hyperconnectivity normalized after TMS, except within the thalamus.
C. Repeated measures ANCOVA revealed significant effects of TMS on sgACC connectivity with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC). Hyperconnectivity with the precuneus tended to normalize after treatment, but this effect did not reach significance after correcting for multiple comparisons.
D. Quantification of data extracted from the coordinates of the peak t statistic from each of the areas labeled in panels 2A–C. For coordinates and statistics, see Supplemental Table S5. Error bars = S.E.M. * = p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons. † = p < 0.01, uncorrected, but not significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. NS = not significant.