Table 1.

Virulence mechanisms that involve cysteine proteinases in Trichomonas vaginalis.

Virulence mechanisms	References
Invasion of the mucous layer	Lehker & Sweeney (1999) [65]
Cytoadherence	Arroyo & Alderete (1989, 1995); Mendoza-López et al. (2000); Hernández et al. (2004) [12, 13, 49, 70]
Cytotoxicity	Alvarez-Sánchez et al. (2000, 2007, 2008); Hernández-Gutíerrez et al. (2003, 2004); Kummer et al. (2008); de Jesus et al. (2009); Ramón-Luing et al. (2011) [8–10, 28, 45, 46, 60, 81]
Cytoskeleton disruption of red blood cells and hemolysis	Dailey et al. (1990); Fiori et al. (1993, 1997) [27, 36, 37]
Degradation of immunoglobulins	Provenzano & Alderete (1995); Hernández-Gutierrez et al. (2004) [45, 78]
Apoptosis	Chang et al. (2004, 2006); Sommer et al. (2005); Kang et al. (2006); Fichorova (2009) [24, 25, 32, 55, 91]